a) People and events are seen in the context of mutual interaction and mutual influence. We
are not interested in the cause of certain behaviours. Causality becomes a reciprocal
concept to be found only in the interface between individuals and between systems as they
mutually influence each other. Responsibility or power exists only as a bilateral process, with
each individual and element participating in the creation of a particular reality. “Any complex
person or agency that influences a complex interactive system thereby becomes a part of
that system and no part can ever control the whole” Bateson (1970). This means that we do
not exist in isolation, but rather in relationships where interaction is mutual, and instead of a
cause-and-effect view, we understand that causality is reciprocal. In other words, A cause B,
but B also cause A.
In this case study, Gloria’s mother is struggling with the transition involving Gloria becoming
more independent and more separated from the family. She is trying to keep a hold on
Gloria which just pushes Gloria further away. This increasing distance upsets Gloria’s
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