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Summary Density, Specific Gravity, and Specific Volume
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2011/10/75Density, Specific Gravity, and
Specific Volume
密度、比重、比容積
1
, 2011/10/7
DENSITY (d)
l Density (d):
¡is mass per unit volume of a substance.
¡is usually expressed as grams per cubic centimeter (g/cc).
l Because the gram is defined as the mass of 1 cc of water at 4°C,
the density of water is 1 g/cc.
¡since the United States Pharmacopeia states that 1 mL may be
used as the equivalent of 1 cc, for our purposes, the density of
water may be expressed as 1 g/mL.
l one milliliter of mercury weighs 13.6 g
¡hence, its density is 13.6 g/mL.
l Density may be calculated by dividing mass by volume, that is:
Density=mass/volume (D=M/V)
¡Thus, if 10 mL of sulfuric acid weigh 18 g, its density is:
density = 18 (g)/10 (mL) = 1.8 g per mL
SPECIFIC GRAVITY (sp. gr.)
l is a ratio, expressed decimally, of the weight of a substance to
the weight of an equal volume of a substance chosen as a
standard, both substances at the same temperature or the
temperature of each being definitely known.
l Water is used as the standard for the specific gravities of liquids
and solids;
¡the most useful standard for gases is hydrogen, although
sometimes air is used.
l may be calculated by dividing the weight of a given substance
by the weight of an equal volume of water, that is:
2
, 2011/10/7
l If 10 mL of sulfuric acid weigh 18 g, and 10 mL of water,
under similar conditions, weigh 10 g, the specific gravity
of the acid is:
specific gravity=18 (g)/10 (mL) = 1.8
l Substances that have a specific gravity of less than 1 are
lighter than water.
l Substances that have a specific gravity greater than 1 are
heavier than water.
l Table 5.1, presents some representative specific gravities.
l Figure 5.1 depicts the layering of immiscible liquids due
to their relative weights.
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