Summary Psychoanalytic, Behaviorism, Humanism Theory (weeks 5/6/7)
52 views 2 purchases
Course
Psychology 114 (PSYCH114)
Institution
Stellenbosch University (SUN)
Book
Psychology
Summaries of all the lectures and readings provided for weeks 5/6/7 in Psychology 114. This includes Psychoanalytic Theory, Behaviourism, and Humanism.
I include convenient table summaries for dense material, so it's quicker and easier to memorise!
Chapters on psychoanalytic theory, behaviourism, and humanism
August 26, 2022
16
2021/2022
Summary
Subjects
behaviorism
psychoanalysis
psychology
humanism
Connected book
Book Title:
Author(s):
Edition:
ISBN:
Edition:
More summaries for
Summary of Human Development from Prenatal to Death
Psych Chapter 1: Evolution of Psychology SUMMARY (from: PSYCHOLOGY: THEMES AND VARIATIONS)
Psych Ch. 2: Research Methods SUMMARY (from: PSYCHOLOGY: THEMES AND VARIATIONS)
All for this textbook (13)
Written for
Stellenbosch University (SUN)
Psychology 114 (PSYCH114)
All documents for this subject (20)
Seller
Follow
simonévaneeden1
Content preview
P114: Classic Psychoanalysis (week 5)
SIGMUND FREUD
psychoanalysis grew from Freud’s work
innovative procedure: based of interpreting lives, anxieties, desires, complexes of others/himself
CONVINCED OF UNCONSCIOUS:
Freudian slips: slips of tongue reveal w. person is truly feeling
dreams: express NB feelings one isn’t aware of
LEVELS OF CONSCIOUSNESS:
thought, feelings, experiences individual is aware of @ any time = contents change often
1 CONSCIOUS
ideas, perceptions, memories, feelings t one can become aware of
2 PRECONSCIOUS can be easily recalled + brought back into consciousness
unacceptable/inaccessible ideas, perceptions, memories, feelings
3 UNCONSCIOUS buried bc they threaten t. conscious mind
DRIVE MODEL:
1. LIFE DRIVE: eros
motivates us for individual survival + survival of species (reproduction)
2. DEATH DRIVE: thanatos
destructive instincts of humanity = seek pain instead of pleasure (self-destruction)
2. REALITY PRINCIPLE: some gratifications are problematic according to social rules
pleasure principles repressed into unconscious BUT it continues to influence behaviour/thought/feelings
DEVELOPMENT:
moving from childhood states relying on pleasure principle to adult states relying on reality principle
orderly progression of bodily preoccupations
each psychosexual stage: child faces conflict between pleasure principle vs socially acceptable (reality principle)
PSYCHOSEXUAL STAGES:
STAGE AGE (years) EROTIC FOCUS Conflicts
ORAL 0-1 Mouth (sucking, biting) Weaning from breast/bottle
ANAL 2-3 Anus (expelling/retaining faeces) Controlling bowel movements
OEDIPAL CRISIS:
boy desires to possess mother + rivals w. father
fear of punishment for desires = castration
PHALLIC 4-5 Genitals (masturbating) anxiety
girls develop penis envy = admire strength/ power
associated w. having penis
LATENCY 6-12 None (sexually repressed) Expanding social contacts
GENITAL Puberty Genitals (sexual intimacy) Interest in sexual partners
onwards
, parents too indulgent (excessive gratification) OR too inhibiting (deprivation) = FIXATION occurs (child becomes stuck w.
long-term effects)
PERSONALITY STRUCTURES:
FREUD’S STRUCTURE OF PERSONALITY:
impulsive energies
entirely unconscious! e.g. so hungry during lecture
t. you open packet of crisps
1 ID (it) pleasure principle: demands immediate gratification od urges from bag now, rather than
waiting until end
primary process thinking: primitive, illogical, irrational, fantasy-
orientated = instant gratification
regulates impulses + compromises between id/superego
conscious + unconscious! e.g. so hungry during lecture
but wait until end of lecture,
2 EGO (me) reality principle: seeks to delay gratification od id’s urges until bc. packet makes too much
appropriate outlets/situations are found noise
secondary-process thinking: relatively rational, realistic + orientated
towards problem-solving = weighs up situations
e.g. so hungry during lecture
conscience, moral values, self-critical attitudes + not only refusing to eat
3 SUPEREGO oversees from moral perspective during lecture but refusing to
(above me) overly harsh = excessive repression = therapy to repair damage eat crisps bc. they are
unhealthy
DEFENCE MECHANISMS:
resistant force keeps certain memories out of awareness = ego defends against conflict of morals vs drives
e.g. repression; resistance; denial; projection; reaction formation; rationalisation
value = protection
harmful = too reliant on it + don’t use varied mechanisms
PSYCHOANALYTIC THERAPY:
PURPOSE OF THERAPY:
remove defence mechanisms to get into unconscious
remedies over-reliance on defence mechanisms
patient becomes aware of mechanisms + unconscious drives/desires
THERAPY TECHNIQUES:
to gain access/insight to unconscious + make conflicts conscious
1. FREE ASSOCIATION:
patient lies facing away from therapist + spontaneously describes/expressed whatever comes to mind
therapist observes content + resistance to certain content
usually painful childhood memories/experiences
2. DREAM ANALYSIS:
conscious access to unconscious material
MANIFEST CONTENT: disguised form + distorted meaning
LATENT CONTENT: actual meaning = unconscious drives/desires/thoughts
4. TRANSFERENCE:
unconsciously relates to therapist in similar ways as to other significant relationships (e.g. parents)
COUNTERTRANSFERENCE: how therapist reacts in interactions between patient + transferred individual
says much about content of unconscious
PSYCHOANALYSIS & NEW DIRECTIONS:
WHAT WAS LEFT OUT?
historical context: sexually repressive Victorian era = believed sexual drive is primary motivator
middle class, male perspective: concerns of females/poverty unaccounted for
FREUD’S THEORY BECAME DOMINANT SCHOOL OF THOUGHT: many psychologists resonated w. theories = responded +
developed further
psychodynamic theories: helps client gain insight into unconscious desires/drives
“the unthinkable anxiety” – D Winnicott
“the nameless dread” – W Bion
DEVELOPMENTS ON PSYCHOANALYSIS:
departures from classic psychoanalysis = different streams of training
1. KLEIN 2. BOWLBY 3. KOHUT
object relations attachment theory development of self-psychology
significant events in child’s life empathy of therapist +
NB!! subjective experience NB!!
DEVLOPMENT OF PSYCHOANALYSIS:
focused on children
fantasy reveals biological instinctual drives + deals w. it
instinctual drives have objects t. will satisfy needs through relationships
OBJECT: significant person/ part/ symbol of person t. is target of feelings/
drives
OBJECT RELATIONS:
1 KLEINIAN PSYCHOANALYSIS
interpersonal relationship w. object
formed by infant projections of feelings/energies outward onto subject
interactions internalised as internal experiences/representations of
relationship
good experience (gratified) VS bad experience (denied)
internal objects stay + affect future interpersonal relationships
independent thinker: accepted certain psychological views BUT rejected
those without empirical evidence
believed psychoanalytical interviews must be supplemented w. data gained
through psychoanalytical methods (NOT mother of child)
early years + certain events NB!
2 BOLWBY: ATTACHMENT THEORY
e.g. separation from mother
trauma caused by faulty relationships = maladjustments + delinquency
objective factors in early social environment have NB role!
The benefits of buying summaries with Stuvia:
Guaranteed quality through customer reviews
Stuvia customers have reviewed more than 700,000 summaries. This how you know that you are buying the best documents.
Quick and easy check-out
You can quickly pay through credit card or Stuvia-credit for the summaries. There is no membership needed.
Focus on what matters
Your fellow students write the study notes themselves, which is why the documents are always reliable and up-to-date. This ensures you quickly get to the core!
Frequently asked questions
What do I get when I buy this document?
You get a PDF, available immediately after your purchase. The purchased document is accessible anytime, anywhere and indefinitely through your profile.
Satisfaction guarantee: how does it work?
Our satisfaction guarantee ensures that you always find a study document that suits you well. You fill out a form, and our customer service team takes care of the rest.
Who am I buying these notes from?
Stuvia is a marketplace, so you are not buying this document from us, but from seller simonévaneeden1. Stuvia facilitates payment to the seller.
Will I be stuck with a subscription?
No, you only buy these notes for $5.66. You're not tied to anything after your purchase.
