US HEGEMONY IN WORLD POLITICS (IMPORTANT QUESTION & NCERT BASED ANSWERS)
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Course
POLITICAL SCIENCE
Institution
Sixth Year / 12th Grade
THIS DOCUMENT IS BASED ON THE US HEGEMONY IN THE WORLD POLITICS, HERE WE WILL UNDERSTAND THE HARD POWER, STRUCTURAL POWER AND SOFT POWER OF US HEGEMONY OVE R REST OF THE WORLD. THE MILITARY OPERATIONS THAT USA HAS CONDUCTED OVER AND MANY MORE FACTS REGARDINF US. IT HAS NCERT BASED ANSWERS AND QUEST...
1. What do you mean by the beginning of New World Order?
Answers. The sudden collapse of the Soviet Union took everyone by surprise. One of the two super
powers ceased to be existed, the other remained with all its powers intact, even enhanced. Thus, it
would appear that the US Hegemony began in 1991 after Soviet power disappeared from the
international science. This is known as the beginning of the New World Order.
2. When and why did the new world order begin?
Answers. The new world began in 1991 after the collapse of soviet union. The world was left only
with single super power - US. It came to be known as the US Hegemony to show off its military
power, economic order and cultural superiority.
3. How was Kuwait liberated from Iraq in 1990?
OR
Write a short note on first gulf war/operation desert storm.
Answers. i) In August 1990, Iraq invaded Kuwait, rapidly occupying and subsequently annexing it.
ii) After a series of diplomatic attempts, failed at convincing Iraq to quit its aggression, the United
Nations mandated the liberation of Kuwait by force.
iii) A massive coalition force of 660,000 troops from 34 countries fought against Iraq and defeated it
in what came to be known as the first gulf war.
iv) UN operation, which was called “operation desert storm” was overwhelming American.
v) Nearly 75% of the coalition forces were from the US.
vi) Iraq president Saddam Husain, had promised "The Mother of all Battles", the Iraqi forces were
quickly defeated and forced to withdraw from Kuwait.
4. What was the First Gulf War / Operation Desert Storm?
Answers. A massive coalition force of 660,000 troops from 34 countries, fought against Iraq and
defeated it in what came to be known as First Gulf War or Operation Desert Storm.
5. What was the focus of foreign policy of Bill Clinton?
, Answers. In foreign policy, the Clinton government tended to focus on ‘soft issues’ like- democracy
promotion, climate change and world trade rather than the ‘hard politics’ of military power and
security.
6. Explain the importance of the First Gulf War.
Answers. i) The First Gulf War revealed the vast technological gap that had opened up between the
US military capability and that of other states.
ii) The highly publicized use of so called "smart bombs" by the US led some observers to call this a
“Computer War”.
iii) Widespread television coverage also made it a ‘Video Game War’, with viewers around the world
watching the destruction of Iraqi forces line on television in the comfort of their living rooms.
iv) Incredibly, the US may actually have made a profit from the war. In US received more money
from countries like Germany, Japan & Saudi Arab than it had spent on the war.
7. What was Operation Infinite Reach ordered by President Clinton?
Answers. Operation Infinite Reach was series of cruise missile strikes on Al-Qaeda terrorist targets in
Sudan and Afghanistan. This operation was ordered by President Clinton in response to bombing on
the US embassies in Nairobi, Kenya, Das-es-Salaam and Tanzania in 1988.
8. What is meant by 9/11 in the context of USA? Describe its consequences. How did US response
to '9/11' attack / What was Operation Enduring Freedom?
Answers. On 11 September 2001, 19 hijackers hailing from a number of Arab countries, took control
of four American commercial aircraft shortly after take-off and attacked into important buildings as
World Trade Centre, Pentagon building and the Capital building of US congress.
Consequences/ effects/ outcomes / response:
i) The attacks killed nearly 3000 persons.
ii) In terms of their shocking effects of Americans they have been compared to the British burning of
Washington, DC in 1814 and the Japanese attack on Pearl Harbour in 1941.
iii) However, in terms of loss of life, 9/11' was the most severe attack on US soil since the founding of
the country in 1776.
iv) The US response to 9/11 was swift and ferocious. As a part of its 'Global War on Terror', the US
launched ‘Operation Enduring Freedom’ against all those suspected to be behind this attack, mainly
Al-Qaeda and the Taliban regime in Afghanistan.
v) The US Forces made arrests all over the world, often without the knowledge of the government of
the persons being arrested, transported these people across countries and detained them in secret
prisons.
vi) Some of them were brought to Guantanamo Bay, as US Naval base in Cuba, where the prisoners
did not enjoy the protection of International law or law of their own country or that of the US. Even
the UN representatives were not allowed to meet these prisoners.
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