____ is a biconcave disc without a nucleus that transports O2 to tissues and CO2 to lungs. It uses glucose (90% used in glycolysis, 10% used in HMP shunt) as a source of energy.
120 days
What is the life span of erythrocyte?
Hematocrit
Polycythaemia and erythrocytosis means having a hig...
is a biconcave disc without a nucleus that transports o2 to tissues and co2 to lungs it uses glucose 90 used in glycolysis
10 used in hmp shunt as a sou
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Hematology and Oncology Usmle step 1
Erythrocyte - answer____ is a biconcave disc without a nucleus that transports O2 to
tissues and CO2 to lungs. It uses glucose (90% used in glycolysis, 10% used in HMP
shunt) as a source of energy.
120 days - answerWhat is the life span of erythrocyte?
Hematocrit - answerPolycythaemia and erythrocytosis means having a high____.
Anisocytosis - answerWhat is the medical term for red blood cells that are unequal in
size?
Poikilocytosis - answerWhat is the medical term for abnormally shaped red blood cells?
Reticulocyte - answer____ is also called an immature erythrocyte (marker of erythroid
proliferation)
Primary hemostasis - answerPlatelet is involved in what?
Megakaryocytes - answerPlatelet is a small cytoplasmic
fragment that is derived from ____.
8-10 days - answerWhat is the life span of platelets?
Aggregates with other platelets and interacts with fibrin to form platelet plug. -
answerWhat happens when platelets are activated by endothelial injury?
Platelets - answer____ is a small colorless disk-shaped cell fragment without a nucleus,
found in large numbers in blood and involved in clotting. It contains dense granules
(ADP, Calcium) and alpha granules (vWF, fibrinogen).
Approximately 1/3 - answerHow much platelet pool is stored in the spleen?
Petechiae - answerWhat pathogen result in thrombocytopenia or decrease platelet?
Gp1b - answerPlatelets bind to von Willebrand Factor (VWF) by means of
____receptors
Gp2b or Gp3a - answerFibrinogen binds to the activated ____ receptor
leukocyte class - answerGranulocytes (neutrophil, eosinophil, basophil) and
mononuclear cells (monocytes, lymphocytes) belongs to ____
,Neutrophil - answer____ is described as a multilobed nucleus (3-5 lobes) with large
spherical, azurophilic granules. It functions as an acute inflammatory response cell and
phagocytic cell. This cell derives from the granulocyte precursor.
Hypersegmented polys - answer____ are 5 or more lobes that are seen in vitamin B12/
folate deficiency.
Myeloid - answerIncrease band cells (immature neutrophils) is a sign of increase ____
proliferation (bacterial infections, CML).
Monocyte - answer____ differentiates into macrophages in tissues. It is a large, kidney-
shaped nucleus. This cell has an extensive "frosted glass" cytoplasm.
Macrophage - answer____ is a large WBC that occur in the connective tissue and
bloodstream, which ingests foreign particles and microorganisms by phagocytosis. This
type of cell is activated by gamma-interferon. It functions as an antigen-presenting cell
via MHC II. The cell surface marker for this cell is CD14.
Eosinophils - answer____ is a white blood cell containing granules and bilobate
nucleus. It produces histaminase and arylsulfatase (helps limit reaction following mast
cell degranulation) to defends against helminthic infections (major basic protein).
Mast cells and basophils - answer____ mediates allergic reaction; their granules contain
heparin (anticoagulant), histamine (vasodilator), and leukotrienes. They have receptors
specific for the Fc portion of IgE.
Type 1 HSR - answerWhich HSR is associated with Mast cells?
Cromolyn sodium - answerWhich drug prevents mast cell degranulation (used for
asthma prophylaxis)?
Dendritic cell - answer____ is an antigen-presenting leukocyte that is found in the skin,
mucosa, and lymphoid tissues. It initiates a primary immune response by activating
lymphocytes and secreting cytokines. This cell is also called Langerhans cell.
MHC II and Fc receptor - answer____ is expressed on the surface of dendritic cells?
Lymphocyte - answer____ is responsible for immune responses; it is divided into B
cells, T cells, and NK cells. It is described as a round, densely staining nucleus with
small amount of pale cytoplasm.
, Adaptive immunity - answerWhat type of immunity is mediated by Lymphocyte (T cells
and B cells), circulating antibodies?
Innate immunity - answerWhat type of immunity is mediated by neutrophils,
macrophages, monocytes, dendritic cells, NK?
B lymphocyte - answer____ is part of humoral immune response that arises from stem
cells in bone marrow (matures in marrow). This cell can function as an APC via MHC II,
and it migrates to peripheral lymphoid tissue.
Bone marrow - answerWhere does B cells mature?
It turns into plasma cells - answerWhat happen when antigen encounters B cells?
Antigen-presenting cell (APC) - answerAntigen-class II MHC complex on B cell act as
an ____.
CD19 and CD20 - answerWhat are the surface markers of B cells?
Plasma cells - answer____ is described as an eccentric nucleus with clock-face
chromatin distribution, abundant RER, and well-developed Golgi apparatus; it produces
antibodies.
T lymphocyte - answer____ mediates cellular immune response. It originates from stem
cells in the bone marrow, but matures in the thymus.
"A" blood type - answerWhat blood group is characterized as A antigen on RBC surface
and anti-B antibody in plasma?
B blood type - answerWhat blood group is characterized as B-antigen on RBC surface
and anti-A antibody in plasma?
CD28 costimulatory signal - answer____ is necessary for T cell activation.
T cells (80%) - answerMajority of circulating lymphocytes are ____.
CD3 and CD4 - answerWhat are the surface markers of helper T cells?
CD3 and CD8 - answerWhat are the surface markers of cytotoxic T cell?
AB blood type - answerWhat blood group has A and B-antigens on RBC surface, but no
antibodies in plasma (universal recipient)?
O blood type - answerWhat blood group has neither A nor B antigen on RBC surface,
but has both antibodies in plasma (universal donor)?
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