THE COLD WAR ERA IMPORTANT TOPICS AND NCERT BASED ANSWERS
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Course
Political Science
Institution
Sixth Year / 12th Grade
IT IS BASED ON NCERT BASED ANSWERS WHICH ARE VERY USEFUL TO CLASS XII STUDENTS WHO ARE STUDYING POLITICAL SCIENCE, IT WILL HELP TO UNDERSTAND THE CORE TOPIC OF SUBJECT IN SHORT AND DETAIL FORM. THE KEY POINTS WILL HELP TO SCORE BETTER IN EXAMS.
Answers. The cold war was an outcome of series of confrontations between the United States and
Soviet Union backed by their respective allies. It never transformed into a hot/shooting war. It was
accompanied by the US, represented the ideology of liberal democracy and capitalism while the
Soviet Union was committed to the ideology of socialism and communalism.
2. What do you mean by Cuban missile crisis?
Answers. When USSR placed nuclear missiles in Cuba (an ally of the Soviet Union) in 1962, it put the
US under direct fire from close range by USSR. This arises a situation of tension between two
Superpower, the clash became prominent and created a situation of hot war. This is known as Cuban
Missile Crisis.
3. What do you mean by Cuban Missile Crisis? Explain the course of events till it got resolved.
OR
Explain how did the Cuban Missile Crisis drive the world on the brink of a nuclear war.
Answers. i) In April, 1961, the leaders of the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (USSR) were worried
that the United States of America (USA) would invade communist ruled Cuba and overthrow Fidel
Castro.
ii) Nikita Khrushchev the leader of the Soviet Union decided to convert Cuba into a Russian base in
1982, he placed nuclear missiles in Cuba.
iii) Three weeks after the Soviet Union had placed the nuclear weapons in Cuba, the USA became
aware of the propaganda.
iv) The US President John F. Kennedy and his advisors were determined to get Khrushchev to remove
the missiles and nuclear weapons from Cuba.
v) President Kennedy ordered American warships to intercept any Soviet ships heading to Cuba as a
way of warning the USSR of his seriousness towards the matter.
vi) An imminent clash, came to be known as the Cuban Missile Crisis, which made the whole world
anxious. Later on, both the sides decided to avoid war. The Soviet ships slowed down and turned
back.
4. Why was the end of Second World War considered to be the beginning of the Cold War?
, OR
Discuss the factors responsible for the beginning of the Cold War?
Answers. The end of the World War II was also the beginning of the Cold War
i) The World War II ended when the United States dropped two atomic bombs on the Japanese cites
of Hiroshima and Nagasaki in August, 1945, causing Japan to surrender.
ii) Many critics suggest that the US action was to stop the Soviet Union from making military and
political gains in Asia and to show Moscow that the United States was Supreme.
iii) US supporters have argued that the dropping of the atomic bombs was necessary to end the war
quickly and to stop the loss of US and his allies military lives.
iv) The consequence of the end of the World War II was the rise of two new superpowers on the
global stage. The US and the Soviet Union became the greatest powers in the world, with the ability
to influence events anywhere on earth.
v) While the cold war was an outcome of the emergence of the US and USSR and dispute between
two superpowers. It was also understood that the destruction caused by the use of atom bombs is
too costly for both the countries to bear them.
vi) The logic of deterrence, in spite of being on intense form of rivalry between great powers
remained a "cold" and not get or shooting war. The deterrence relationship prevents war but not the
rivalry between powers.
5. What do you mean by logic of deterrence?
Answers. When both sides (US and USSR) have the capacity to retaliate against an attack and to
cause so much destruction that neither can afford to initiate war. This is called the logic of
deterrence. The event of nuclear war would be so dangerous that the both the sides would be
harmed so badly that it will be difficult to declare one sides as a winner. This led to cold war and not
a hot/shooting war.
6. Describe the military features of cold war.
Answers i) The two super powers and the countries in the rival blocks led by the superpowers were
expected to behave as rational and responsible actors.
ii) They were to be rational and responsible in the sense that they understood the risks in the
fighting wars that might involve the two superpowers.
iii) When two super powers and the blocks led by them are in a deterrence relationship, fighting
wars would be massively destructive.
iv) Therefore, responsibility denoted to being restrained and avoiding the ricks of Third World War.
In this sense, the cold war managed to ensure human survival.
7. Why did smaller states wanted to join the super alliances?
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