Bio 171 Exam 1
archaea Answer- like bacteria. Are able to live in extreme environment
bacteria Answer- microorganisms that are the basis of fermentation & infectious diseases. Typically one-celled, have no chlorophyll, multiply by simple division, & can be seen only with a microscope. The...
archaea answer like bacteria are able to live in extreme environment
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Bio 171 Exam 1
archaea Answer- like bacteria. Are able to live in extreme environment
bacteria Answer- microorganisms that are the basis of fermentation & infectious
diseases. Typically one-celled, have no chlorophyll, multiply by simple division, & can
be seen only with a microscope. They occur in 3 main forms: spherical, rod-shaped, &
spiral
eukaryote Answer- an organism that uses aerobic cellular respiration to break down
compounds including oxygen into cellular energy. A human or animal cell
most recent common ancestor Answer- of any set of organisms is the most recent
individual from which all organisms in a group are directly descended.
prokaryote Answer- an organism lacking a true nucleus: in some systems of biological
classification, any of a superkingdom of organisms, including the viruses & monerans
phylogenetic tree Answer- a graph illustrating evolutionary relationships among various
entities that are known to share a common ancestor
nucleic acid Answer- any group of complex compounds found in all living cells &
viruses, composed of purines, pyrimidines, carbohydrates, & phosphoric acid. Nucleic
acids in the form of DNA & RNA control cellular function & heredity
DNA Answer- a nucleic acid that contains the genetic code
RNA Answer- a long, single-stranded chain of cells that processes protein
transcription Answer- the synthesis of messenger RNA from a DNA template through
the formation of base pairs, resulting in a transfer of genetic information that codes for
amino acid sequences composing proteins
translation Answer- the process by which messenger RNA directs the amino acid
sequence of the growing polypeptide during protein synthesis
tRNA Answer- transfer RNA
mRNA Answer- messenger RNA
rRNA Answer- ribosomal RNA
, gene Answer- the definition of a gene is a unit on a chromosome that determines a
specific trait in an organism
amino acid Answer- any of a large group of organic acids containing a carboxyl group,
COOH, & an amino acid group, NH
protein Answer- the definition of a protein is a substance that has amino acids,
compounds & carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, & sometimes sulfur is found in many
foods
cell membrane Answer- a layer of tissue that surrounds a cell
ribosome Answer- a tiny particle made up a nucleic acids & proteins that exist in large
numbers in the gel-like substance in between every cell in the body
genetic code Answer- the set of DNA & RNA sequences used in the synthesis of an
organism's proteins. It is the biochemical basis of heredity & nearly universal in all
organisms
phospholipid Answer- a group of lipids that contain a phosphate ester as part of the
structure & yield on hydrolysis phosphoric acid, an alcohol, fatty acid & a nitrogenous
base: found in all living cells
carbohydrate Answer- the definition of a carbohydrate is an organic compound that
occurs in living tissues or food & that can be broken down into energy by people or
animals
characteristics of living organisms Answer- -complexity, with precise spatial organization
on several scales
-the ability to change in response to the environment
-the ability to reproduce
-the capacity to evolve
1st law of thermodynamics Answer- energy can not be created or destroyed
2nd law of thermodynamics Answer- states that the degree of disorder in the universe
tends to increase
entropy Answer- amount of disorder in a system
variable Answer- is changed by the experimenter from one treatment to the next
cell Answer- the simplest entity
central dogma Answer- the pathway from DNA to RNA (specifically to form an RNA
called messenger RNA to protein)
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