Romazicon (flumazenil) - ANSWER -antidote for benzodiazepines such as
-GABA receptor antagonist
- It can treat drowsiness caused by sedatives following surgery or drug overdose.
Which of the following can be used to estimate the level of Hemoglobin? - ANSWER RBC
-RBC X 3 = hemoglobin
wit...
which of the following can be used to estimate the level of hemoglobin
with the use of pressure control the most important alarm
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tmc exam
Romazicon (flumazenil) - ANSWER -antidote for benzodiazepines such as
-GABA receptor antagonist
- It can treat drowsiness caused by sedatives following surgery or drug overdose.
Which of the following can be used to estimate the level of Hemoglobin? - ANSWER
RBC
-RBC X 3 = hemoglobin
with the use of pressure control the most important alarm is - ANSWER low volume
-because the ventilator does not care about volume, the practitioner must.
The most important alarm on a volume-cycled ventilator would be - ANSWER high
pressure alarm
Which of the following would be most effective at resolving a humidity deficit for a
patient who is intubated with an 8.0-mm endotracheal tube - ANSWER wick or concha
Which of the following would be most helpful for a patient with fixed upper airway
obstruction?
A. beta II agonist medication
B. heliox therapy
C. aerosolized epinephrine
D. corticosteroids - ANSWER B. heliox therapy
Heliox therapy is most appropriate. Helium, when combined with oxygen, is less viscous
than pure oxygen or room air, which is made up mostly of nitrogen. This allows patients
to breathe in gases with less airway resistance.
-fixed obstruction means it cannot be resolved simply with bronchodilators or other
immediate methods.
which one should be treated first, ventilation or oxygenation - ANSWER ventilation
the patient is over oxygenating AND hyperventilating
which one should you treat first? - ANSWER over oxygenation
-To address over-oxygenation one can either change the PEEP or the FIO2. You will
always want to lower the FIO2 below 60% before changing PEEP.
ways to decrease CO2 - ANSWER increase the Vt
increase the rate
remove dead space
What would occur on a time-cycled ventilator with a fixed rate if the inspiratory flow rate
were increased?
A. increase in tidal volume
B. decrease in inspiratory time
,tmc exam
C. decrease in tidal volume
D. increase in inspiratory time - ANSWER A. increased in tidal volume
On a time-cycled ventilator inspiratory time is predetermined. So, if the flow rate is
increased while the mandatory rate is unchanged, the result would be an increase in
tidal volume.
Which of the following is the most significant complication of bronchoscopy?
A. laryngospasms
B. hypotension
C. vagal nerve stimulation
D. coughing - ANSWER A. laryngospasm
-This tendency may be reduced by administering aerosolized Lidocaine or any other
tissue numbing agent prior to the procedure.
What is the respiratory therapist observing if monitoring the total amount of gas exhaled
in 60 seconds after excluding dead space?
A. minute ventilation
B. dead space ventilation
C. alveolar minute ventilation
D. maximum voluntary ventilation - ANSWER c. alveolar minute ventilation
Examining the breathing rate over a period of 60 seconds and multiplying it times the
tidal volume gives you minute ventilation. If deadspace is subtracted from that volume
then what is being observed is alveolar minute ventilation.
education and direction for the performance of positive expiratory pressure (PEP)
therapy - ANSWER Proper instructions for the use of a PEP therapy device includes
"inhaling deeply and exhaling actively".
equations to determine cardiac output - ANSWER fick equation
co= SVxHR
Which of the following would result in an increase in pulmonary capillary wedge
pressure?
A. decrease in pulmonary vascular resistance (PVR)
B. cor pulmonale
C. dehydration
D. mitral valve stenosis - ANSWER D. mitral valve stenosis
If mitral valve stenosis is present, blood would have difficulty transitioning the left
ventricle. This would result in a backup pressure occurring and an elevation of the
PCWP.
, tmc exam
A patient is on 70%/30% heliox therapy by nonrebreathing mask. If flowing through an
oxygen flow meter, what is the actual flow of the mixture if the flow meter indicates 10
L/min?
A. 5 L/min
B. 8 L/min
C. 18 L/min
D. 16 L/min - ANSWER D. 16
When helium-oxygen mixtures are run through flow meters that are intended for oxygen
only, the indicated flow on the flow meter is inaccurate. This is because the helium-
oxygen mixture is less viscous and does not push the indicator ball up as much as does
oxygen. In this case, a correction factor must be used depending upon the mixture
percentage. For an 80/20% mixture a correction factor of 1.8 must be used. A 70/30%
mixture has a correction factor of 1.6 and a 60/40% mixture has a correction factor of
1.4. In this problem the 70/30% mixture factor of 1.6 must be multiplied by the indicated
flow on the oxygen flow meter to calculate actual total gas flow. When we do this we get
a total gas flow of 16 L/min.
Popping sensations, also referred to as crackling sensations, during palpation of the
tissues of the upper chest and neck are related to subcutaneous emphysema, which is
a condition of air entering the dermal and subdermal spaces. It is usually caused by -
ANSWER a mal-positioned tracheostomy tube.
Pulse oximeters are also known as single wavelength spectrophotometers. There are
multiple reasons why they may read inaccurately. Those reasons include: - ANSWER
high ambient light, the use of fingernail polish, poor peripheral perfusion, and marked
hypotension
The incidence of ventilator-associated pneumonia, or VAP, is lowered by - ANSWER
using a closed system suction catheter, periodically discontinuing sedation, keeping the
patient and semi-Fowler's position, and proper handwashing among caregivers
Which of the following airway clearance therapies should be administered first in the
order of therapy?
A. postural drainage and percussion
B. nasal tracheal suctioning
C. aerosolized Acetylcysteine (Mucomyst)
D. verbal coaching for coughing - ANSWER C
-aerosolized Acetylcysteine (Mucomyst)
the first most logical step would be to thin secretions through use of the medication
Mucomyst. The next step, would be postural drainage and percussion followed by
verbal coaching for coughing and possibly nasal tracheal suctioning.
Digitalis - ANSWER strengthens the contraction of the heart muscle, slows the heart
rate, and helps eliminate fluid from body tissues
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