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Nursing Pharmacology Test 2022;the right study guide for your test.
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Nursing Pharmacology Test 2022;theright study guide for your test.
Beta Blockers: Category, Action, Use, Side Effects, Nursing Measures - - Category:
Cardiovascular/Antiarrhythmics; Antihypertensives; Antianginals
- Action: blocks stimulation of beta1-adrenergic receptors
- Use: decreased BP & heart rate, decreased attacks of angina
- Side Effects: bradycardia, fatigue, weakness, HF, pulmonary edema, erectile
dysfunction
- Nursing Measures: monitor BP/ECG/Pulse; Monitor q5-15 min after parenteral
administration; I/O; Daily weights; S/s of HF (dyspnea, rales/crackles, weight gain,
peripheral edema, jugular vein distention); increase in
BUN/lipoprotein/potassium/triglycerides/uric acid
- Examples: metoprolol (Lopressor); atenolol (Tenormin)
Digoxin: Category, Action, Use, Side Effects, Nursing Measures - - Category:
Cardiovascular; Antiarrhythmics; Inotropics
- Action: Increases the force of myocardial contraction, prolongs refractory period of the
AV node, decreases conduction through the SA and AV nodes; increased cardiac
output and slowing of the HR
- Use: HF, Afib, Atrial flutter, paroxysmal atrial tachycardia
- Side Effects: fatigue, arrhythmias, bradycardia, anorexia, nausea, vomiting
- Nursing Measures: therapeutic range (0.5-2 ng/ml); Monitor apical pulse for 1 min
(withhold less than 60 bpm); monitor BP; monitor ECG throughout IV admin and 6 hr
after each dose; observe for infiltration; falls risk in geriatric; electrolyte levels
(potassium, magnesium, calcium); s/s toxicity (ab pain, anorexia, nausea, vomiting,
visual disturbances, bradycardia, arrhythmias)
ACE inhibitors: Category, Action, Use, Side Effects, Nursing Measures - - Category:
Cardiovascular; Antihypertensives
- Action: block the conversion of angiotensin I to the vasoconstrictor angiotensin II.
Prevent the degradation of bradykinin and other vasodilatory prostaglandins. Increase
plasma renin levels and decrease aldosterone levels. Results in systematic vasodilation
- Use: HTN, symptomatic HF, Slowed progression of asymptomatic left ventricular
dysfunction to overt HF
- Side Effects: cough, hypotension, proteinuria, hyperkalemia, angioedema
- Nursing Measures: Administer over 5 minutes; Monitor BP and pulse; assess for s/s of
angioedema (swelling of face, extremities, eyes, lips, or tongue; difficulty swallowing or
breathing); monitor renal function (increased in BUN & Creatinine); monitor CBC
(decrease Hbg & Hct)
- Examples: enalapril (Vasotec), lisinopril
,Nitoglycerin: Category, Action, Use, Side Effects, Nursing Measures - - Category:
Cardiovascular; Antianginals; Nitrates
- Action: increases coronary blood flow by dilating coronary arteries and improving
collateral flow to ischemic regions. Produces vasodilation (venous > arterial); decreases
left ventricular end-diastolic pressure and left ventricular end-diastolic volume (preload);
reduces myocardial oxygen consumption; increased cardiac output; reduction of BP
- Use: management of angina pectoris; production of controlled hypotension during
surgical procedures; treatment of HF associated with acute MI
- Side Effects: dizziness, headache, hypotension, tachycardia, contact dermatitis
- Nursing Measures: administer 1 h before or 2 h after meals with a full glass of water;
do not break; monitor BP and pulse before and after administration; urine
catecholamine; false increase serum cholesterol levels
Adrenergics: Category, Action, Use, Side Effects, Nursing Measures - - Category:
Cardiovascular; Inotropics, Vasopressors
- Action: small doses (0.5-3 mcg) stimulate dopaminergic receptors producing renal
vasodilation; larger doses (2-10 mcg) stimulate dopaminergic and beta1-adrenergic
receptors producing cardiac stimulation and renal vasodilatior; doses greater than 10
mcg stimulate alpha-adrenergic receptors and may cause renal vasoconstriction;
increased cardiac output, increased BP, improved renal blood flow
- Use: Improve BP, cardiac output, urine output in tx of shock unresponsive to fluid
replacement; increase renal perfusion
- Side Effects: arrhythmias, hypotension, irritation at IV site, ECG change,
vasoconstriction
- Nursing Measures: extravasation may cause severe irritation, necrosis, and sloughing
tissue; dilute 200-800 mg of dopamine in 250-500 ml of NS, D5W, D5/LR, D5 0.45 %
NaCl, D5NS, or LR; Monitor BP, HR, Pulse pressure, ECG, pulmonary capillary wedge
pressure, cardiac output, CVP & urinary output; Palpate peripheral pulses and assess
appearance of extremities
- Examples: dopamine infusion (Intropin); albuterol, epinephrine
Verapamil (Veracaps SR): Category, Action, Use, Side Effects, Nursing Measures - -
Category: Calcium Channel Blocker, Antianginals, Antiarrhythmics (Class IV),
Antihypertensives, Vascular headache suppressants
- Action: inhibits the transport of calcium into myocardial and vascular smooth muscle
cells, resulting in inhibition of excitation-contraction coupling and subsequent
contraction; Decreases SA and AV conduction and prolongs AV node refractory period
in conduction tissue; Systemic vasodilation resulting in decreased BP; Coronary
vasodilation resulting in decreased angina; Reduction of ventricular rate during afib or
flutter
- Use: Management of HTN, angina pectoris, and/or vasospastic angina; Management
of supraventricular arrhythmias and rapid ventricular rates in atrial flutter or fibrillation
- Side Effects: arrhythmias, HF, stevens-johnson syndrome, extrapyramidal reactions,
epistaxis, cough, SOB, bradycardia, syncope, palpitations
, - Nursing Measures: Administer with meals or milk to minimize gastric irritation; Do not
crush; Monitor BP & pulse; Monitor ECG (may cause prolonged PR interval); S/s of HF;
Assess for rash (Stevens-Johnson Syndrome); Monitor serum potassium, renal and
hepatic functions
Regular Insulin: Category, Action, Use, Side Effects, Nursing Measures - - Category:
Antidiabetic; Pancreatics
- Action: lower blood glucose by stimulating glucose uptake in skeletal muscle and fat,
inhibiting hepatic glucose production. Inhibition of lipolysis and proteolysis, enhanced
protein synthesis
- Use: control of hyperglycemia in patients with type 1 or type 2 DM
- Side Effects: Hypoglycemia, anaphylaxis, pruritis, erythema
- Nursing Measures: assess for s/s of hypoglycemia and hyperglycemia; monitor body
weight changes; decrease serum phosphate, magnesium, and potassium; monitor
glucose q6h
- Onset: 30 min; Peak 4-8 hour; Duration: 24 hour
- Examples: Humulin 70/30; Novolin 70/30
NPH: Category, Action, Use, Side Effects, Nursing Measures - - Category: Antidiabetic,
pancreatics
- Action: Lowers blood glucose by stimulating glucose uptake in skeletal muscle and fat,
inhibiting hepatic glucose production.
- Use: control of hyperglycemia
- Side Effects: hypoglycemia, anaphylaxis, lipodystrophy
- Nursing Measures: assess for s/s of hypoglycemia and hyperglycemia; monitor body
weight periodically; monitor blood glucose q6h
- Onset: 2-4 hr; Peak 4-10 hr; Duration 10-16 hr
- Examples: Humulin N, Novolin ge NPH, Novolin N
Long-acting insulin: Category, Action, Use, Side Effects, Nursing Measures - -
Category: antidiabetics, pancreatics
- Action: Lowers blood glucose by stimulating glucose uptake in skeletal muscle and fat,
inhibiting hepatic glucose production.
- Use: control of hyperglycemia
- Side Effects: hypoglycemia, anaphylaxis, lipodystrophy
- Nursing Measures: assess for s/s of hypoglycemia and hyperglycemia; monitor body
weight periodically; monitor blood glucose q6h
- Insulin detemir (Levemir): Onset 3-4 hr; Peak 3-14 hr; Peak 6-24 hr
- Insulin glargine (Lantus): Onset 3-4 hr; Peak None; Duration 24 hr
Rapid-acting insulin: Category, Action, Use, Side Effects, Nursing Measures - -
Category: antidiabetics, pancreatics
- Action: Lowers blood glucose by stimulating glucose uptake in skeletal muscle and fat,
inhibiting hepatic glucose production. There are rapid-acting insulins with a more rapid
onset and shorter duration than regular insulin; should be used with an intermediate- or
long-acting insulin
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