Community - Answer- a group of people and institutions that share geographic, civic,
and/or social parameters. Communities vary in their characteristics and
health needs.
Public health provides 10 essential services - Answer- Assessment, Policy
Development, and Assurance
Assessment - Answer-...
NR 442 Unit 1, 2, 3, and 4 2022/2023
Community - Answer- a group of people and institutions that share geographic, civic,
and/or social parameters. Communities vary in their characteristics and
health needs.
Public health provides 10 essential services - Answer- Assessment, Policy
Development, and Assurance
Assessment - Answer- ASSESSMENT: Using systematic methods to monitor the
health of a population
● Monitor health status to identify community
health problems.
● Diagnose and investigate health problems and health hazards in the community.
Policy Development - Answer- POLICY DEVELOPMENT: Developing laws and
practices to promote the health of a population based on scientific evidence
● Inform, educate, and empower people about
health issues.
● Mobilize community partnerships to identify and solve health problems.
● Develop policies and plans that support individual and community health efforts.
Assurance - Answer- ASSURANCE: Making sure adequate health care personnel
and services are accessible, especially to those who might not normally have them
● Enforce laws and regulations that protect health and ensure safety.
● Link people to needed personal health services
and ensure the provision of health care when
otherwise unavailable.
● Ensure a competent public health and personal health
care workforce.
● Evaluate e ectiveness, accessibility, and quality of personal and population-based
health services.
Primary Prevention - Answer- Prevention of the initial occurrence of disease or injury
● Nutrition education
● Family planning and sex education
● Smoking cessation education
● Communicable disease prevention education
● Education about health and hygiene issues to specific groups (day care workers,
restaurant workers)
● Safety education (seat belt use, helmet use)
● Prenatal classes
● Providing immunizations
● Advocating for access to health care, healthy
environments
, Secondary Prevention - Answer- Early detection and treatment of disease with the
goal of limiting severity and adverse effects
● Community assessments
● Disease surveillance (communicable diseases)
● Screenings
● Cancer (breast, cervical, testicular, prostate, colorectal)
● Diabetes mellitus
● Hypertension
● Hypercholesterolemia
● Sensory impairments
● Tuberculosis
● Lead exposure
● Genetic disorders/metabolic de ciencies in newborns
● Control of outbreaks of communicable diseases
Tertiary Prevention - Answer- ● Maximization of recovery after an injury or illness
(rehabilitation)
● Nutrition counseling for management of Crohn's disease
● Exercise rehabilitation
● Case management (chronic illness, mental illness)
● Physical and occupational therapy
● Support groups
● Exercise for a client who has hypertension (individual)
Public Health Nursing-ANA definition - Answer- Public health nursing is population-
focused, and involves a combination of nursing knowledge along with social and
public health sciences. The goal of public health nursing is promoting health and
preventing disease.
Community Health Nursing-ANA definition - Answer- ● Community health nursing
involves a synthesis of nursing and public health theory.
● The goals of community health nursing are to promote, preserve, and maintain the
health of populations by the delivery of health services to individuals, families, and
groups in order to in uence "community health."
● Community health nurses are nurses who practice in the community. They usually
have a facility from which they work (community health clinic, county health
department), but their practice is not limited to institutional settings. Care is often
delivered in a setting that is part of the client's environment (home, school,
workplace).
Community-Oriented Nursing - Answer- Focus of Care: aggregates, communities,
populations (public health) Can include at‐risk or unserved individuals and families
Primary Goal:Health promotion and disease prevention
Nursing Activities: usually indirect (program management)
Can include direct care of at‐risk individuals and populations
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