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NR 293 - Exam 1 QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS| GRADED A

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NR 293 - Exam 1 Pharmaceutics ANS: the dosage form that determines the rate of drug dissolution Pharmacodynamics ANS: - what the drug does to the body - therapeutic effects Selective Enzyme Interaction ANS: when the drug binds to an enzyme molecule and inhibits (blocks) or stimulates t...

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  • June 23, 2022
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  • 2021/2022
  • Exam (elaborations)
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NR 293 - Exam 1
Pharmaceutics ANS: the dosage form that determines the rate of drug dissolution

Pharmacodynamics ANS: - what the drug does to the body
- therapeutic effects

Selective Enzyme Interaction ANS: when the drug binds to an enzyme molecule and inhibits (blocks) or
stimulates the enzyme action with the normal target cell

Pharmacokinetics ANS: - what the body does to the drug
- study of movement of drugs throughout the body

Absorption ANS: being absorbed or used by the tissues

Fastest to Slowest Absorption Routes by Mouth ANS: - Sublingual
- Liquid Suspension
- Capsule
- Tablet
- Enteric Coated Tablet
- Extended Release Tablet

First Pass Effect ANS: oral doses of drugs are absorbed into the GI tract and metabolized by the liver,
resulting in a reduced amount of bioavailability or active drug in the circulatory system.
*Oral doses are generally higher to allow for this effect*

Drugs that are Effected by First Pass Effect ANS: - Elixir
- Tablets
- Capsules
*enteral drugs*

What drugs aren't effected by First Pass Effect? ANS: - IV
- Sublingual
- Transdermal Patch
- Suppository
*parenteral drugs*

Half Life ANS: - the time t takes for 1/2 of the drug dose to be eliminated from the body
-drugs with a long half life enables them to be taken less frequently

EX: ibuprofen has a half life of 2 hours, after 1 half life 200 mg will turn into 100 mg

Plasma ANS: yellow fluid part of blood that holds the cells

Interstitial Fluid ANS: fluid within the cells

, Transcellular Fluid ANS: part of extracellular fluid

Areas of Fast Distribution ANS: - Heart
- Liver

Areas of Slow Distribution ANS: - Muscle
- Fat
- Skin

Protein Binding Complications ANS: if a person has a low protein , or albumin level, free drug will be
circulating and can cause toxicity of the drug.

EX: a person with normal albumin levels is prescribed more than one drug that is highly protein binding.
the prescriber will likely decrease the dose of both drugs to avoid drug toxicity

Normal Albumin Level ANS: 3.5-5.5 g/dL

Metabolism ANS: use and transformation of drugs so that they can be excreted from the body

Where are most drugs metabolized/excreted? ANS: - Liver
- Kidney

Neonates/Infants: Drug Metabolism ANS: have immature liver and kidneys causing them to have
decreased or poor metabolism and excretion of drugs

Cytochrome P-450 ANS: when drugs are bio-transformed through an enzyme to form fat-soluble
metabolites that are easy to eliminate

Liver Failure: Drug Metabolism ANS: have difficulty metabolizing certain drugs

Fast/Slow Acetylators ANS: genetic conditions that affect how the liver metabolizes drugs

Excretion ANS: drugs excreted through liver, kidneys (urine), hair, skin, breath, saliva, perspiration,
feces, milk and bile

Six Rights of Medication Administration ANS: - Right Patient
- Right Drug
- Right Route
- Right Dose
- Right Time
- Right Documentation

What should you do if part of the order is missing? ANS: NOTIFY THE PRESCRIBER

EX: give mr. jones bactrim PO every 6 hours for UTI
(no dose is given)

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