Exam 1
DISCOVERY:
1. Swan-neck flask experiments performed by ____________ disproved the theory of
____________ in the late 19th century.
A. Redi; sanitarianism
B. Redi; evolution
C. Woese; endosymbiosis
D. Koch; miasma
E. Pasteur; spontaneous generation
2. The chain of infection, proposed...
1. Swan-neck flask experiments performed by ____________ disproved the theory of
____________ in the late 19th century.
A. Redi; sanitarianism
B. Redi; evolution
C. Woese; endosymbiosis
D. Koch; miasma
E. Pasteur; spontaneous generation
2. The chain of infection, proposed by Robert Koch, describes what?
A. The transmission of a germ
B. That germs arise from common descent
C. The postulates of germ theory
D. The pathogenesis of anthrax
E. That germs cause disease, not miasma
3. What was the purpose of the “swan neck” in the swan neck flask experiment?
A. To inoculate the flask with microorganisms
B. To prevent foul odors (miasma) from entering
C. To trap dust
D. To allow for the entry of oxygen into the flask
E. To trap microorganisms
4. Koch’s postulates state that a germ must be found in all cases of disease, but absent in healthy
individuals. Which of the following represents a pitfall (experimental problem) with this
postulate?
A. Many germs cannot be successfully cultivated
B. Asymptomatic carriers of germs
C. Polymicrobial infection
D. No animal model can recapitulate the disease
E. It’s difficult to tell the difference between the germ and a nonpathogenic bacteria
5. Robert Hooke used a compound microscope to describe hundreds of microscopic images in
his seminal publication, Animalcules.
A. True
B. False
DOMAINS OF LIFE:
,6. What was the advantage of sequencing ribosomal DNA (rDNA) to determine the 3 domains of
life, as described by Carl Woese?
A. rDNA is abundant
B. Prokaryotes do not have many morphological features to compare to eukaryotes
C. rDNA is conserved in prokaryotes and eukaryotes
D. DNA is easier to sequence than proteins
E. The sequencing of RNA was not possible in the 80s.
7. Which of the following is TRUE about gene organization in prokaryotes?
A. Many genes can be transcribed from a single promoter
B. One gene is transcribed from a single promoter
C. Many genes are transcribed by a conserved DNA polymerase
D. Genes are arranged into linear chromosomes
E. Most genes do not code for proteins
MORPHOLOGY:
8. Select in the proper order based on the shape of each prokaryote (left-to-right).
A. Cocci; coccobacillus; streptococci
B. Staphylococcus; vibrio; streptococci
C. Palisades; comma; chain
D. Staphylococcus; vibrio; chain
E. Tetrad; comma; spirochete
9. You have discovered a new microorganism—congratulations! Its estimated size is 150
nanometers. What type of microbe is it most likely to be?
A. A virus
B. A bacterium
C. A protist
D. An archaea
E. A yeast
MICROSCOPY:
10. One advantage of brightfield microscopy over most electron microscopy-based methods is
what?
A. Samples can be large
B. Samples can be fixed
C. Better sample resolution
D. Produce 3-dimensional images
E. Samples can be alive
11. The specificity of a fluorophore can be determined by what?
A. The emission spectrum
B. Covalent bonding
C. Labeled antibodies
, D. Chemical stability
E. Protein-DNA interactions
12. Which of the following is false about electron microscopy?
A. Resolution is as low as 0.2 nm
B. Samples are often coated in metal
C. Samples can be living
D. Samples are bombarded with electron beams
E. Includes transmission and scanning electron microscopy
13. Which condition must be met in order to use more than one type of fluorophore (ex. Cy5
with GFP) during fluorescence microscopy?
A. A specialized lens must be used for each fluorophore
B. Each fluorophore must have a unique emission spectrum
C. Each fluorophore must have a unique cellular target
D. The fluorophores must be conjugated to antibody
E. The fluorophores cannot interact
14. The structural basis for the differentiation of bacteria by Gram stain is what?
A. LPS
B. Peptidogylcan
C. S-layer
D. Pseudomurien
E. Capsule
PROKARYOTIC MEMBRANES:
15. Some species of bacteria can survive in higher concentrations of ethanol than yeasts. What
adaptations would you expect to see in such species?
A. An increase in fatty acid cyclization in the membrane
B. The presence of high concentrations of cardiolipins
C. Branching in lipid fatty acids
D. An increase in hopanoids
E. Increased unsaturation of fatty acids
16. Facilitated transport moves molecules against their concentration gradient
A. True
B. False
17. Which of the following is a unique feature of the membranes of archaea?
A. They contain a low abundance of hopanoids
B. They are embedded with integral S-layer proteins
C. They contain very few peripheral proteins
D. Fatty acid tails are ester linked
E. They contain terpenoid fatty acids
The benefits of buying summaries with Stuvia:
Guaranteed quality through customer reviews
Stuvia customers have reviewed more than 700,000 summaries. This how you know that you are buying the best documents.
Quick and easy check-out
You can quickly pay through credit card or Stuvia-credit for the summaries. There is no membership needed.
Focus on what matters
Your fellow students write the study notes themselves, which is why the documents are always reliable and up-to-date. This ensures you quickly get to the core!
Frequently asked questions
What do I get when I buy this document?
You get a PDF, available immediately after your purchase. The purchased document is accessible anytime, anywhere and indefinitely through your profile.
Satisfaction guarantee: how does it work?
Our satisfaction guarantee ensures that you always find a study document that suits you well. You fill out a form, and our customer service team takes care of the rest.
Who am I buying these notes from?
Stuvia is a marketplace, so you are not buying this document from us, but from seller LeCrae. Stuvia facilitates payment to the seller.
Will I be stuck with a subscription?
No, you only buy these notes for $22.99. You're not tied to anything after your purchase.
