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Summary Solution Manual For Financial Statement Analysis And Security Valuation 5th Edition By Penman

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C1.1.Fundamental risk arises from the inherent risk in the business – from sales revenue falling or expenses rising unexpectedly, for example. Price risk is the risk of prices deviating from fundamental value. Prices are subject to fundamental risk, but can move away from fundamental value, i...

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SOLUTIONS TO
EXERCISES AND CASES

For

FINANCIAL STATEMENT ANALYSIS AND SECURITY
VALUATION

Stephen H. Penman

Fifth Edition

CHAPTER ONE

Introduction to Investing and Valuation.


Concept Questions




1

,C1.1.Fundamental risk arises from the inherent risk in the business –

from sales revenue falling or expenses rising unexpectedly, for example.

Price risk is the risk of prices deviating from fundamental value. Prices

are subject to fundamental risk, but can move away from fundamental

value, irrespective of outcomes in the fundamentals. When an investor

buys a stock, she takes on fundamental risk – the stock price could drop

because the firm’s operations don’t meet expectations – but she also runs

the (price) risk of buying a stock that is overpriced or selling a stock that

is underpriced. Chapter 19 elaborates and Figure 19.5 (in Chapter 19)

gives a display.



C1.2.A beta technology measures the risk of an investment and the

required return that the risk requires. The capital asset pricing model

(CAPM) is a beta technology; is measures risk (beta) and the required

return for the beta. An alpha technology involves techniques that identify

mispriced stocks that can earn a return in excess of the required return

(an alpha return). See Box 1.1. The appendix to Chapter 3 elaborates on

beta technologies.

2

,C1.3.This statement is based on a statistical average from the historical

data: The return on stocks in the U.S. and many other countries during

the twentieth century was higher than that for bonds, even though there

were periods when bonds performed better than stocks. So, the argument

goes, if one holds stocks long enough, one earns the higher return.

However, it is dangerous making predictions from historical averages

when risky investment is involved. Averages from the past are not

guaranteed in the future. After all, the equity premium is a reward for

risk, and risk means that the investor can get hit (with no guarantee of

always getting a higher return). The investor who holds stocks (for

retirement, for example) may well find that her stocks have fallen when

she comes to liquidate them. Indeed, for the past 5-year period, the past

10-year period, and the past 25-year period up to 2010, bonds

outperformed stocks—not very pleasant for the post war baby-boomer at

retirement age at that point who had held “stocks for the long run.”

Waiting for the “long-run” may take a lot of time (and “in the long run

we are all dead”).
3

, The historical average return for equities is based on buying stocks

at different times, and averages out “buying high” and “buying low”

(and selling high and selling low). An investor who buys when prices are

high (or is forced to sell when prices are low) may not receive the

typical average return. Consider investors who purchased shares during

the stock market bubble in the 1990s: They lost considerable amount of

their retirement “nest egg” over the next few years. See Box 1.1.



C1.4.A passive investor does not investigate the price at which he buys

an investment. He assumes that the investment is fairly (efficiently)

priced and that he will earn the normal return for the risk he takes on.

The active investor investigates whether the investment is efficiently

priced. He looks for mispriced investments that can earn a return in

excess of the normal return. See Box 1.1.




4

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