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Research HESI Flowers 5, Research HESI - Flowers 4, Research HESI Flowers 3, Research HESI Flowers 2, research HESI Flowers QUESTIONS AND ANSWER(COMPLETE SOLUTIONS)
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Research HESI Flowers 5, Research HESI - Flowers 4, Research HESI Flowers 3, Research HESI Flowers 2, research HESI Flowers
A researcher obtains consent from a person with a recent traumatic brain injury (TBI) to observe the person and test her at intervals, using cognitive survey instruments. T...
Research HESI Flowers 5, Research HESI - Flowers 4, Research
HESI Flowers 3, Research HESI Flowers 2, research HESI Flowers
A researcher obtains consent from a person with a recent traumatic brain injury (TBI) to observe the
person and test her at intervals, using cognitive survey instruments. The person has not yet regained the
ability to speak, and can understand and obey only simple commands. She nods yes, and shakes her
head for no. The subjects husband, who has the authority to consent for his wife because he has legal
power of attorney for health care, is consented for the study, and the patient is asked to assent.. Does
this fulfill the requirements for consenting someone with diminished capabilities? Why or why not?
(Select all that apply.) ANS: Yes, it does.
The prospective subject can understand only simple commands but, because of her TBI, she is not
competent to consent.
The subject is asked to assent in case she has an opinion about this and might understand the purpose
of the study. Eliciting her cooperation is wise in either case.
In the Jewish Chronic Disease Hospital Study, 22 patients were injected unknowingly with a suspension
containing live cancer cells that had been generated from human cancer tissue. What ethical principles
apply here? (Select all that apply.) ANS: Beneficence
Self-determination
Fair treatment
Monica is a nurse researcher. She completes her paperwork for an institutional review board (IRB). Her
application for approval is returned to her, with comments as to how it should be revised and
resubmitted. Which of the following comments are within the scope of the IRB? (Select all that apply.)
ANS: You have failed to provide a copy of your survey. Please do so.
b.
Your study protocol does not provide information on potential risks to anonymity. Please indicate this in
Section 1g.
You have not included information about the risk-to-benefit ratio of this research. Please do so.
Which of the following statements are true? (Select all that apply.) ANS: If electronic medical records
had not been invented, HIPAA would not have been necessary.
c.
Data held by health insurance companies sparked the emergence of HIPAA.
Ethics and HIPAA regulations overlap in the area of anonymity.
Research articles may be considered fraudulent in which of the following instances? (Select all that
apply.) ANS: The person who designed the study and performed all of the research is not mentioned as
an author.
,b.
The authors hired someone other than themselves to collect, analyze, and interpret the data.
The authors used another researchers raw data without permission.
What is the best research approach for investigating the actual representation of Hispanic managers
within health care institutions, and the workplace beliefs and prejudices that perpetuate their
disproportionate representation? ANS: Triangulated approach
What is the principal disadvantage of triangulated research? ANS: The time required to complete a
triangulated project is approximately double that of completing one that utilizes only one method.
Causality is tested through which of the following? ANS: Experimentation
Why is selection of an appropriate design for a research study important? ANS: If the design is an
incorrect one, the researcher will examine variables and their interactions in a way that does not answer
the research question
Thirty patients with psoriasis are treated with ultraviolet light B phototherapy, delivered by a therapist.
Their symptoms become worse at first, and then improve. During the summer their symptoms become
better without treatment. Then fall arrives, and symptoms worsen. Patients go back to UVL B, and they
improve. Why, according to Hume, can the relationship between UVL B phototherapy and symptom
severity not be considered a classically causal one? ANS: The cause (phototherapy) has to be present
whenever the effect occurs.
John Stuart Mills insistence that in order for causation to be demonstrated, there must be no alternative
explanation for why a change in one variable leads to a change in the other variable. This concept of
alternative explanations is the idea that underlies which type of validity? ANS: External validity
John Stuart Mill and the essentialists insisted that a cause be necessary and sufficient for an effect to
occur. In a modern study alcohol dependency is found to lead eventually to permanent liver damage,
except when the alcoholic consumes a diet plentiful in the B-vitamins. In addition, liver damage can
emerge in the absence of alcohol dependency. What would John Stuart Mill and essentialists say about
the causative relationship between alcohol dependency and liver damage? ANS: The proposed cause is
neither necessary nor sufficient.
Random selection of 300 subjects yields a sample, but demographic analysis of that sample reveals that
there are 99 teachers in the sample, despite the fact that there are far fewer than 33% teachers in the
total sample. The sample can be said to be ANS: Biased
The researcher divides his lab rats into two groups and administers IV methamphetamine to one of the
groups, in order to determine its effect on the fear-flight response. This is an example of which of the
following? ANS: Control
A researcher is comparing a new and less expensive treatment with an established treatment, in hopes
of showing that there is no difference in outcome. The researcher does not perform a power analysis
and, consequently, selects a sample size that is smaller than what would be recommended for an
,analysis of variance. The results show that there is no significant difference in outcome between the two
treatments. Which type of validity is affected by this? ANS: Statistical conclusion validity
A researcher is comparing a new and less expensive treatment with an established treatment, in hopes
of showing that there is no difference in outcome. The researcher does not perform a power analysis
and, consequently, selects a sample size that is smaller than what would be recommended for an
analysis of variance. The results show that there is a significant difference in outcome between the two
treatments, and that the new treatment has poorer outcomes. What is the negative result of the
researchers decision to use a smaller sample? ANS: There is no negative result.
A researcher tests a new intervention for nausea associated with chemotherapy, in hospitalized
patients. At the same time a new over-the-counter medication containing natural herbs is marketed
aggressively, and some of the hospital patients are given this herbal remedy by their families. This is a
threat to which type of validity? ANS: Internal validity
. If a researcher plans to study graduate-level achievement in all students who were educated under the
Vermont public school system, in a small town that used both state-mandated texts and enrichment
texts of the school boards choosing, the researcher would be using a fairly small sample, bound by
geography and time. Which type of validity is decreased by a study like this one? ANS: External validity
What is the essential difference between a control group and a comparison group? ANS: A control
group is randomly assigned. A comparison group is not
A school nurse researcher studying bullying discovers that the type of victimization she is observing is
different for different racial groups and genders within her school district. She wants to study the effect
of peer support on bullying and chooses to make sure that the experimental and control groups,
although randomly assigned, contain equal percentages of children of all races. What does this strategy
exemplify? ANS: Blocking
A researcher uses matching to constitute his control group, while performing a study on psychotherapy
as an adjunct treatment for substance addiction. What type of validity might be enhanced by matching,
in this instance? ANS: Internal validity
Immediately after the intervention in an experimental study of the negative effects of smoking tobacco,
the state tax on cigarettes increases the cost from $4 to $8 per pack. Which threat to internal validity
does this pose? ANS: History
Subjects in a multiple group experimental study are tested for how much time it takes them to navigate
a maze and find the chocolate. The maze is reconstructed after each run, and three different floor plans
are used. Each group is tested eight times in eight hours. at a different time of day. The runs later in the
day have faster times than the earlier ones. Which threat to internal validity might account for this
difference? ANS: Maturation
A researcher believes that therapy is more effective if patients exercise. He tells his patients that he has
arranged for them to use the hospital gym, if they so desireand that if they are interested, they will then
be in the experimental group. This represents which threat to internal validity? ANS: Selection
What is the antidote to the carryover effect? ANS: Counterbalancing
, What is the best research approach for investigating the actual representation of male labor-delivery
nurses within healthcare institutions and the workplace beliefs and prejudices that perpetuate their
disproportionate representation? ANS: Mixed methods approach
A researcher tests the effect of a new laparoscopic treatment for chronic shoulder dislocation. The
results are statistically significant, and the researcher states in his findings that there is evidence that the
treatment has promise for widespread application. A subsequent replication study fails to show
statistical significance. A third study produces the same effects as the second. What is the most likely
explanation here? ANS: Type I error occurred in the first study.
How does a comparative descriptive design differ from a typical descriptive design? ANS: It describes
data from two different groups, whereas a typical descriptive design focuses on a single group.
Why is the threat of subject attrition more problematic in longitudinal designs than in other types of
descriptive research? ANS: Data collection occurs over a much longer period of time.
What do cross-sectional designs, trend designs, and event-partitioning designs have in common? ANS:
They all focus on change over time.
The difference between a randomized block design and the more modern variant of including the
extraneous variable in a multivariate analysis is which of the following? ANS: The potentially extraneous
variable is treated as an ordinal variable in the randomized block design but can be considered as a ratio
or interval variable in a multivariate analysis.
A factorial design study measures the effect upon hemoglobin levels of four independent variables, each
administered randomly and independently. How many distinct groups are there in this factorial design?
ANS: 16
Nurses who give discharge teaching to patients after colonoscopy call these patients the day after the
procedure to check on their status. At that time, patients who have had polyps removed invariably ask
how long it will be until they receive their results. The nurses decide to design a study in which they will
change their discharge teaching, in order to include information about the timeframe for biopsy results,
and measure the results, comparing them with the results for the next month, before the change. Which
of the following types of research will they use? ANS: Quasi-experimental
Several television programs, such as American Idol, allows viewers to text in votes for their favorite
performer. From a research point of view, this is what kind of a design? ANS: Survey
If a one-group pretest-posttest study uses subjects as their own controls, which is the study design?
ANS: Quasi-experimental
Identify the type of research design employed in the following study: In order to determine nursing
students stress throughout the four semesters of the major, nursing students in all four semesters were
surveyed as class groups at the mid-point of two contiguous semesters of coursework. Stress was
assessed by a researcher-composed quantitative questionnaire. ANS: Event-partitioning design
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