Samenvatting van het vak Europees Recht I door prof. Stefaan van der Jeugt. De samenvatting is gebaseerd op de powerpoints, aangevuld met nota's uit de les. Ook het gastcollege over de Conferentie over de toekomst van Europa staat in de samenvatting. Via het studeren van enkel deze samenvatting beh...
Samenvatting gebaseerd op de lessen met aanvulling van de PowerPoint, inclusief het gastcollege
betreffende de Conferentie over de Toekomst van Europa
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, INHOUDSOPGAVE
Europees recht I .............................................................................................................................................. 1
1. De europese unie en europees recht I ........................................................................................................ 5
Het belang van het eu-recht ........................................................................................................................... 5
europees integratieproces.............................................................................................................................. 6
raad van europa.............................................................................................................................................. 7
europese gemeenschap voor kolen en staal (egks) ........................................................................................ 7
wat is de europese unie? ................................................................................................................................ 7
institutioneel recht ......................................................................................................................................... 7
instellingen van de europese unie .................................................................................................................. 8
primaire of constitutionele EU-recht .............................................................................................................. 8
secundair eu-recht .......................................................................................................................................... 8
voorrang en directe werking van het eu-recht ............................................................................................... 9
naleving eu-recht door lidstaten .................................................................................................................... 9
2. de europese unie in historisch perspectief................................................................................................ 10
Geografische ontwikkeling ........................................................................................................................... 10
toetredingsvoorwaarden .............................................................................................................................. 11
toetreding: procedure (art. 49 VEU) ............................................................................................................. 11
inhoudelijke evolutie .................................................................................................................................... 11
institutionele en beslissingsevolutie............................................................................................................. 14
verdrag van lissabon ..................................................................................................................................... 16
toetredingen ................................................................................................................................................. 16
3. instellingen: het europees parlement............................................................................................................ 17
historische ontwikkeling ............................................................................................................................... 17
verkiezing...................................................................................................................................................... 18
samenstelling ................................................................................................................................................ 19
organisatie .................................................................................................................................................... 19
bescherming parlementair mandaat ............................................................................................................ 21
wetgeving ..................................................................................................................................................... 23
begroting ...................................................................................................................................................... 24
controlebevoegdheid ................................................................................................................................... 25
buitenlands beleid ........................................................................................................................................ 26
benoemingen en recht op informatie .......................................................................................................... 26
4. Instellingen: Europese Raad en Raad van de Europese Unie .................................................................... 26
algemeen: oorsprong ................................................................................................................................... 27
samenstelling (art. 15 VEU) .......................................................................................................................... 27
organisatie .................................................................................................................................................... 28
bevoegdheden .............................................................................................................................................. 28
algemeen : raad in de scheiding der machten .............................................................................................. 30
samenstelling (art. 16 VEU) .......................................................................................................................... 30
organisatie .................................................................................................................................................... 31
bevoegdheden .............................................................................................................................................. 34
5. instellingen: europese commissie, de Europese centrale bank en de rekenkamer ................................... 36
de comissie in de scheiding der machten ..................................................................................................... 36
samenstelling ................................................................................................................................................ 37
organisatie .................................................................................................................................................... 39
wetgevende macht/begroting ...................................................................................................................... 41
uitvoerende macht ....................................................................................................................................... 42
buitenlands beleid ........................................................................................................................................ 42
conclusie ....................................................................................................................................................... 43
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, ecb in de scheiding der machten .................................................................................................................. 43
rol ................................................................................................................................................................. 43
bevoegdheden .............................................................................................................................................. 43
samenstelling ................................................................................................................................................ 44
de zaak rimsevic (c-202/18) .......................................................................................................................... 44
benoeming .................................................................................................................................................... 44
zaak pinxten (c-130/19) ................................................................................................................................ 45
samenstelling ................................................................................................................................................ 45
europees openbaar ministerie ..................................................................................................................... 45
adviescomités ............................................................................................................................................... 46
europese investeringsbank (eib) .................................................................................................................. 46
europese ombudsman .................................................................................................................................. 46
6. instellingen: hof van justitie ..................................................................................................................... 47
Het hof in de scheiding der machten............................................................................................................ 47
De instelling en de rechtscolleges ................................................................................................................ 47
De relevante teksten .................................................................................................................................... 47
Samenstelling ............................................................................................................................................... 48
benoeming rechters en advocaten-generaal................................................................................................ 49
interne organisatie ....................................................................................................................................... 50
bevoegdheden .............................................................................................................................................. 53
het gerecht van de eu ................................................................................................................................... 53
7. normen: primair recht .............................................................................................................................. 55
de sleutelrol van art. 6 VEU: het Handvest ................................................................................................... 56
het primaire eu-recht ................................................................................................................................... 56
De verdragen ................................................................................................................................................ 60
rechterlijke toetsing...................................................................................................................................... 60
functionele methode en bevoegdheidsverdeling ......................................................................................... 61
protocollen en verklaringen ......................................................................................................................... 62
Het internationaal recht ............................................................................................................................... 62
8. normen: secundair recht .......................................................................................................................... 64
Juridische basis en keuze instrumenten ....................................................................................................... 64
Vormvoorschriften ....................................................................................................................................... 65
Verordening .................................................................................................................................................. 66
Richtlijn ......................................................................................................................................................... 66
Besluit ........................................................................................................................................................... 67
Aanbevelingen en adviezen .......................................................................................................................... 67
Atypische handelingen ................................................................................................................................. 67
Interinstitutionele akkoorden....................................................................................................................... 68
Besluiten regeringen en overeenkomsten tussen lidstaten ......................................................................... 68
Wetgevingsprocedure .................................................................................................................................. 68
9. normen: voorrang en directe werking ...................................................................................................... 72
Directe werking ............................................................................................................................................ 72
Monistische VS. Dualistische doctrine .......................................................................................................... 72
De Directe Werking van het EU-recht........................................................................................................... 73
Het voorrangsbeginsel .................................................................................................................................. 76
Contra het voorrangsbeginsel: de ultra vires doctrine ................................................................................. 77
Conflictregels ................................................................................................................................................ 78
10. rechtsbescherming: naleving en afdwinging unierecht ....................................................................... 80
De niet-nakomingsprocedure ....................................................................................................................... 80
Rule of law procedure : art. 7 VEU ............................................................................................................... 84
De aansprakelijkheid van lidstaten ............................................................................................................... 86
Beroepen tot nietigverklaring....................................................................................................................... 87
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, De natuurlijke en rechtspersonen ................................................................................................................ 88
Bijzondere procedures.................................................................................................................................. 89
Hof van de Justitie van de EU en Gerecht van de EU: bevoegdheden.......................................................... 89
11. rechtsbescherming: prejudiciële vragen .............................................................................................. 90
Rechtsbescherming door nationale rechter ................................................................................................. 90
De prejudiciële procedure ............................................................................................................................ 90
Prejudiciële procedure: de nationale rechter ............................................................................................... 91
Facultatieve en verplichte vraagstelling ....................................................................................................... 92
Gevolgen prejudicële beslissing inzake uitlegging EU-recht ......................................................................... 93
Brexit ............................................................................................................................................................ 93
12. gastcollege – conferentie over de toekomst van Europa ..................................................................... 94
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