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NR 283 EXAM 3 - REVIEW OF KNOWLEDGE (ROK).
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REVIEW OF KNOWLEDGE (ROK)Course NR283
Exam Exam 3
Purpose
The Review of Knowledge (ROK) focuses on course outcomes, unit outcomes and key concepts to enhance
student success on exams.
Key Concepts Chapters Student Notes
Hyperkalemia Chapter 19 Hyperkalemia is a common complication of kidney
Alterations failure.
C BIG K DROP What does the administration of glucose and regular
of insulin infusions with sodium bicarbonate do to the
C= calcium gluconate or calcium Hormonal potassium level of a patient with hyperkalemia?
chloride (cardioprootective) Regulation - Hyperkalemia is a condition in which the potassium
within the body is considered to be very high within
the blood. Potassium is considered to be very
B= Beta2 agonists or
essential for the body to function especially the
bicarbonate
muscle and nerve cells. When Sodium bicarbonate,
I= insulin glucose and also insulin is added to the body with a
G= glucose patient who is suffering from hyperkalemia, this will
drive potassium intracellularly if the patient is
K= Kayexhalate considered to be acidotic.
- A client with this condition will present symptoms
D= diuretics/dialysis including nausea, arrhythmia, general weakness,
muscle fatigue and sometimes paralysis. Potassium
play a big role in generation of action potentials.
Nervous illness or medication may cause
hyperkalemia.
Addison’s disease Chapter 19 Addison's disease is a caused by primary adrenal
Pathophysiology and insufficiency. Unlike previously stated alterations in
clinical secretion, the adrenal medulla is not known to
manifestations) experience hypofunction. Hyperfunction of the
adrenal medulla is typically caused by tumors
Cushings Syndrome Chapter 19 Alterations in the adrenal cortex may manifest as
Pathophysiology and hypercortisolism (Cushing syndrome),
clinical
manifestations)
Acromegaly Chapter 19 Caused by pituitary tumor; slow in onset = gigantism
Pathophysiology and
clinical Increased GH - Acromegaly; enlarged tongue;
manifestations interstitial edema; enlarged and overactive
sebaceous and sweat glands; enlarged bones of
1
, face, hands, feet, lower jaw, and forehead
Chang in physical appearance, Skin tags,
Rough and oily skin, Enlarged hands and feet,
Coarsened enlarged facial features, More
prominent brow, Large jaw or tongue,
Impaired vision, Headaches, Pain and limited
joint mobility, Fatigue and muscle weakness,
Excessive sweating and body odor, Enlarged
liver, heart, kidneys, spleen, and other organs
Pheochromocytoma Chapter 19 pheochromocytoma is the likely cause of severely
Pathophysiology, elevated blood pressure. With pheochromocytoma,
assessment findings catecholamine is secreted in excess and the clinical
impact on BP manifestations include persistent hypertension,
headache, pallor, diaphoresis, tachycardia, and
palpitations, tremors, N/V, hyperglycemia, heat
intolerance, anxiety
Thyroid Dysfunction- Chapter 19 The basal metabolic rate; sympathetic response;
Hypothyroidism temperature tolerance; and gastrointestinal,
(pathophysiology and cardiovascular, respiratory, and muscle function
clinical diminish in a hypothyroid state.
manifestations) - Weight gain is experienced in hypothyroidism
Thorough review
- Primary=Loss of thyroid function; Autoimmune
thyroiditis (Hashimoto disease), loss of tissue due to
surgical resection and/or radiation, medications,
endemic iodine deficiency
-Secondary= Failure of pituitary to work; Pituitary not
producing appropriate levels of TSH or lack of TRH,
may result from cancer development, brain and
surrounding tissue injury
-causes in children: Congenital defects (primary)
Parathyroid Dysfunction- Chapter 19 hyperparathyroid function is classified as either
Hyperparathyroidism being primary (problem within the parathyroid gland
(pathophysiology and itself, such as a tumor) or secondary (resulting from
causative factor chronic hypocalcemia, vitamin D production
or absorption or calcium deficiency, or medication
side effects).
-Pathologic fractures, kyphosis of the dorsal spine,
veterbral compression fractures, abnormal blood and
urine levels of calcium and phosphate, and
metabolic acidosis are common manifestations of
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