Pathophysiology - Exam 2- Study Guide _Spring 2020_.
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Course
NUR 2063
Institution
NUR 2063
Clinical manifestations – appendicitis
o Right, lower abdominal pain, nausea, occasional diarrhea
Cause of pseudomembranous colitis and nonpharmacologic treatmentso (Often called antibiotic associated colitis) Acute inflammation and necrosis of
the large intestine caused by Clostridium dif...
Module 4
Clinical manifestations – appendicitis
o Right, lower abdominal pain, nausea, occasional diarrhea
Cause of pseudomembranous colitis and nonpharmacologic treatments-
o (Often called antibiotic associated colitis) Acute inflammation and necrosis of
the large intestine caused by Clostridium difficile. Exposure to antibiotics is
the major factor predisposing to the development of this disorder. Stop the
affecting antibiotic. Treat ischemia, fecal transplant, colectomy
Clinical manifestations – cholecystitis-
o Acute: Inflammation of the gallbladder wall.
o Chronic- inflammation of the gallbladder wall attributed to persistent low-
grade irritation from gallstones or recurrent attacks of acute cholecystitis.
Cause of Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori)-
o Transmission person to person, fecal-oral route, reservoir in water sources.
H. pylori often causes peptic ulcer disease
Clinical manifestations – gastric carcinoma
o Early- none.
o Advanced- anorexia, weight loss and GI bleed
Causes of gastroenteritis due to Salmonella
o Consumption of raw or undercooked chicken/eggs
o Diarrhea, N/V, abdominal pain
Complication of perforated gallbladder-
o Sepsis.
o Rare complication of acute cholecystitis
Cause of jaundice and disease associated with jaundice-
o Elevated levels of bilirubin
o Caused by a buildup of bilirubin, which is a waste product in blood. An
inflamed liver or obstructed bile duct can cause jaundice. Diseases
associated: infections of the liver from a virus (Hepatitis), overuse to Tylenol.
Define the following terms: dysphagia; occult blood-
o Dysphagia: difficult or painful swallowing
o Occult blood (cause by polyps) blood you can’t see with the naked eye, FOBT
(fecal occult blood test). Means there is usually bleeding somewhere in the
digestive tract.
What should patients with newly diagnosed pancreatitis avoid?
o Alcohol
What causes greenish-yellow emesis?
o Bile, caused by vomiting on an empty stomach, or bile reflux.
Most frequent location of peptic ulcers-
o Proximal Duodenum
What types of hepatitis increase the risk of hepatocellular carcinoma?
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, o Hep B and C
Clinical manifestations of chronic gastritis
o Upper abdominal pain
o Indigestion
o Bloating
o N/V
o Weight loss/loss of appetite
o Hematemesis may occur bc of damage to the gastric epithelial mucosa
What types of things put a patient at risk for developing acute gastritis?
o Ingesting irritating substances- alcohol, aspirin, NSAIDs, viral bacteria,
autoimmune
Clinical manifestations of acute gastritis-
o Anorexia, nausea, vomiting, and postprandial (after meal) discomfort
Causes of hiatal hernia-
o Conditions where intraabdominal pressure increases: ascites, pregnancy,
obesity, chronic straining or coughing
o Loosening of the muscular band around esophageal and diaphragmatic
function
What is the cause of a rigid abdomen in peritonitis?
o Peritonitis is inflammation of the peritoneum. Inflammation and abdominal
spasms
Module 5
What is cryptorchidism and complications associated with the condition?
o Hidden testes, the testes did not descend all the way. Failure to treat this can
cause fibrotic tubules with deficiency in spermatogenesis, infertility.
Clinical manifestations – acute prostatitis-
o Ch31, slide 32- Fever, chills, LBP, frequency, urgency, and dysuria. Tender and
swollen prostate
What is a complication of removing too much fluid during dialysis, and what would
you want to monitor?
o Complication- Low BP
o Monitor- BP, Nausea and dizziness
Clinical manifestations – pyelonephritis (kidney infection)-
o Chills, flank pain, nausea, vomiting, CVA tenderness
o Stretching of renal caps causes pain
Individuals with HPV (human papillomavirus) are at risk for developing what
disease?
o Cervical cancer
Define the following terms: enuresis, stress incontinence, micturition, overflow
incontinence:
o Stress incontinence- small amounts of urine are voided involuntarily with
intraabdominal pressure.
This study source was downloaded by 100000830772748 from CourseHero.com on 04-30-2022 02:18:24 GMT -05:00
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