NURS 1301 Fundamentals of Nursing TNCC Biomechanics Kinematics and Mechanisms of Injury Study Guide
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NURS 1301 Fundamentals of Nursing TNCC Biomechanics Kinematics and Mechanisms of Injury.
biomechanics-general study of forces and their effects
kinematics-Study of energy transfer as it applies to identifying actual or potential injuries
mechanism of injury-how external forces are transferred ...
nurs 1301 fundamentals of nursing tncc biomechanics kinematics and mechanisms of injury
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biomechanics-general study of forces and their effects
kinematics-Study of energy transfer as it applies to identifying actual or potential injuries
mechanism of injury-how external forces are transferred to the body, resulting in injury
Sir Isaac Newton's three Laws of Motion:
1-a body at rest will stay at rest unless acted on by an outside force
2-the acceleration of a body is parallel and directly proportional to the net force
acting on the body, is in the direction of the net force, and is inversely
proportional to the body's mass.
Force=mass x acceleration F=ma
Simply-another way to state the Second Law is to say it takes more force
to move a heavy object than it does to move a light object
3. For every action, there is an equal and opposite reaction resulting in the transfer
of energy
Law of Conservation of Energy
Another law of physics to consider in kinematics is the Law Conservation of
Energy
Energy can neither be created nor destroyed, but it can change form
Pot of water on stove
exhbits POTENTIAL ENERGY
If the pot falls from the stove, the pot becomes kinetic energy
So kinetic energy is KE=1/2mv2 (one half of the mass times the velocity squared)
When mass is doubled, energy is also doubled
When velocity is doubled, energy is quadrupled
Velocity: A car traveling 40mph will transmit 4x the energy to the
pedestrian as a car traveling 20mph
Mass: A truck weighing 4 tons will transfer twice the amount of energy to
a pedestrian compared with a car weighing 2 tons
Back to the pot and child
Newton's First Law: the pot at rest remains at rest, until acted on by the force
gravity after child grabs the handle. The energy is transferred-the pot that was stationary
is now in motion, hitting the child on the head
Newton's Second Law-the pot will continue to fall at a steady rate unless an
outside force stops or redirects it. For example, a hand could push the pot out of the way
or catch it, heroically saving the child from injury
Newton's Third Law: for every action there is an equal and opposite reaction.
After impact with the head, the falling pot is redirected to the floor, and the moves in the
other direction
Law of Conservation of Energy: even though the pot stops moving, its energy
cannot be destroyed, it can change form (possibly hurting the child's head if struck or
cracking the tile when hitting the floor)
Forms of energy transfer related to trauma
Mechanical-the direct impact of an object, such as in a car collision or a pot to head
Thermal-transfer of heat energy, such as a burn from a liquid or hot object like pot
Chemical-heat energy from active chemical subs, such as household cleaners or acids
Electrical-energy transferrred from light sockets, power cords, or lightning
Radiant-Energy transferred from a blast, sound waves, radioactivity or the common
sunburn
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