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Study Guide for Test 3 Internatio CORRECTLY ANSWEREDnal Marketing 17th Edition Cateora, Gilly, Graham, Money MKT 427
The following study guide is intended to be helpful for study purposes. It represents many of the important topics and issues. It
does NOT include all the important topics and issues that will be on the exam, but it does include many of them. The page
locations indicated are approximate. All exam questions refer to how the subject was presented in this text.
Be sure and review your class notes, including notes on speakers, handouts, video, etc. as per the syllabus material on exam
content. Be sure to be familiar with all the shaded boxes i.e., “Crossing Borders,” “Global Perspective,” (what counties,
products, and issues involved), and the Exhibits. Review the syllabus “exams” section for what all exams will cover.
Chapter 9 – Emerging Markets
pp. 264-9 Know what the chapter says about the importance of the economic level of a country when it
comes to a foreign marketer adjusting its marketing tasks.
The economic level of a country is the single most important environmental element to which the
foreign marketer must adjust the marketing task
pp. 265-7 Know and be able to briefly describe each of the three categories of the United
Nations classification of a country’s stage of economic development. Also, know what
the UN’s classification scheme is based on.
• MDCs (more developed countries)—industrialized countries with high per capita incomes
o Canada, England, France, Germany, Japan and US
• LDCs (less-developed countries)—industrially developing countries just entering world
trade, many of which are in Asia and Latin America with relatively low per capita incomes
• LLDCs (least-developed countries)—industrially underdeveloped, agrarian, subsistence
societies with rural populations, extremely low per capita income levels, and little world
trade involvement. Violence and the potential for violence are often associated with LLDCs
o Central Africa and parts of
Asia Based on level of industrialization
pp. 265-7 Be able to give examples of countries in each of the UN classification scheme.
• MDCs: Canada, England, France, Germany, Japan, US
• LDCs: Asia and Latin America (less)
• LLDCs: Central Africa and parts of Asia (least)
pp. 266-7 Know what NICs are and be able to characterize them. Also, know whether they attract or repel
trade and foreign direct investment.
• Countries that are experiencing rapid economic expansion and industrialization
o Newly industrialized countries
• Don’t exactly fit as LDCs or MDCs
• Have moved away from restrictive trade practices
• Instituted significant free market reforms
• Brazil is a good example of NIC, exporting everything from alcohol-based fuels to
carbon steel. Brazilian orange juice, poultry, soybeans, and weapons compete with
US products for foreign markets. The Brazilian aircraft manufacture, Embraer,
provides a substantial portion of the commuter aircraft used in the US and elsewhere
Chile, Brazil, Mexico, South Korea, Singapore, Taiwan
, pp. 267-9 Know the economic growth factors and why they are useful to marketers.
• Political stability in policies affecting their development
• Economic and legal reforms
• Entrepreneurship
• Planning
• Outward orientation
• Factors of production
• Industries targeted for growth
• Incentives to force a high domestic rate of savings and direct capital to update
the infrastructure, transportation, housing, education and training
• Privatization of state-owned enterprises (SOEs) that had placed a drain on national budgets
pp. 269-70 Know how a country’s investment in information technology relates to its economic growth.
Innovated electronic technologies can be the key to a sustainable future for developed and developing
nations alike. Because the internet cuts transaction costs, it has enabled small firms in Asia or Latin
America to work together to develop a global reach. The internet accelerates the process of economic
growth by speeding up the diffusion of new technologies to emerging economies. Mobile phones and
other wireless technologies greatly reduce the need to lay a costly telecom infrastructure.
pp. 270 Know what the fundamental objective of most developing countries is.
Industrialization
pp. 270-1 Know what the term “infrastructure” refers to and be able to give examples of it.
Represents those types of capital goods that serve the activities of many industries: paved roads,
railroads, seaports, communication networks, financial networks, and energy supplies and distribution
Uncontrollable element indicator or economic development
pp. 270-1 Know why infrastructure is a crucial component of the uncontrollable elements facing
marketers.
Without adequate transportation facilities, for example, distribution costs can increase substantially,
and the ability to reach certain segments of the market is impaired.
No adequate transportation = high distribution costs & difficult to reach certain markets
Lack of educational assets = low literacy & difficult to find qualified local marketing
managers
Business efficiency is affected by the presence/absence of financial & commercial service
infrastructure within a country
p. 272 Be able to explain what business function serves as an arbitrator between productive capacity
and consumer demand.
Marketing
pp. 272-4 Know and be able to explain what it means to say that the level of market development roughly
parallels the stages of economic development.
The more developed an economy, the greater the variety of marketing functions demanded, and
the more sophisticated and specialized the institutions become to perform marketing functions.
Economic cooperation and assistance, technological change, and political social and cultural can and
do cause significant deviations in the evolutionary process.
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