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1.1
The research psychologists stated “There is no difference in memory scores of pa ents diagnosed with
depression and those who are not.” This is a typical example of a null hypothesis.
A null hypothesis is a statement that there is no difference between the groups being compared. In this
case, the research psychologists are sta ng that there is no difference in the memory scores of pa ents
diagnosed with depression and those who are not.
1.2
A test that allows us to assess differences between more than two group means and to examine the
effects of more than one independent variable is one-way ANOVA.
One-way ANOVA is a sta s cal test that is used to compare the means of three or more groups. It can be
used to determine whether there is a significant difference between the means of the groups.
1.3
A chi-square test is typically used to test for associa on between two categorical variables.
, A chi-square test is a sta s cal test that is used to determine whether there is a significant rela onship
between two categorical variables. For example, you could use a chi-square test to determine whether
there is a rela onship between gender and poli cal affilia on.
1.4
A nega ve hypothesis is a nega ve statement about a possible difference between the variables that you
want to study.
In this case, the research psychologists are sta ng that there is no difference in the memory scores of
pa ents diagnosed with depression and those who are not.
1.5
The single-sample t-test is used when you have a single set of scores and are inves ga ng whether the
mean of this sample equals a known mean. Is this statement true or false?
True. The single-sample t-test is used when you have a single set of scores and are inves ga ng whether
the mean of this sample equals a known mean. The known mean is called the hypothesized mean.
1.6
The type of error that occurs when a researcher rejects a null hypothesis that is actually true is called a
Type I error.
A Type I error is also known as a false posi ve. It occurs when the researcher concludes that there is a
difference between the groups when there is actually no difference.
1.7
The following alterna ve hypothesis are nondirec onal or direc onal. Jus fy your answer.
a) H1: μ1 > μ2 Direc onal. This hypothesis states that the mean of group 1 is greater than the mean of
group 2.
b) H1: μA < μB Direc onal. This hypothesis states that the mean of group A is less than the mean of
group B.
c) H1: μA ≠ μB Nondirec onal. This hypothesis states that the means of group A and group B are not
equal.
1.8
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