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BIOS 256 LAB 1 ASSIGNMENTEXERCISE 34: Reviewing Your Knowledge
A. Layers of the Gastrointestinal Tract
Name the layers of the GI tract that are described.
Muscularis
1. The layer that contracts to churn food or move food along
Mucosa
2. Layer consisting of a membrane that lines a body cavity that opens to the
exterior; overlays smooth muscle
Submucosa
3. Areolar connective tissue layer located deep to the mucosa
Serosa
4. A serous membrane that is the external layer of a GI tract organ
B. Gastrointestinal Tract Organs
Esophagus
1. Its only function is propulsion
Alimentary canal
2. A continuous digestive tube from the mouth to the anus
Pharynx
3. Conducts both air and food
Small intestine
4. Primary site of nutrient absorption; is composed of 3 sections
Duodenum
5. Section of small intestine that receives bile, pancreatic secretions, and food from
the stomach
, Stomach
6. Churns food and begins protein digestion
Anus
7. Has two sphincters that control elimination of feces from the body
Stomach
8. Has regions called the cardia, fundus, body, and pylorus
Large intestine
9. Has regions called the cecum, colon, rectum, and anal canal
Mouth
10. Receives secretions from salivary glands; mastication occurs here
C. Digestive Organ Structures
Villi
1. Finger-like extensions increasing surface area in the small intestine
Rugae
2. Folds in the gastric mucosa
Circular folds
3. Permanent deep ridges in the small intestine mucosa
Pyloric sphincter
4. Sphincter valve between the stomach and duodenum
Parietal peritoneum
5. Serous membrane that lines the abdominal wall
Visceral peritoneum
6. Serous membrane that covers the abdominal organs
Ileocecal sphincter
7. Sphincter that connects the small and large intestine
Saliva
8. Fluid that begins digestion of carbohydrates
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