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HPS100 UofT Final Exam Notes

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TheoryAns - A set of propositions. An attempt to describe something Scientific MosaicAns - A set of all accepted theories. Scientific ChangeAns - Any change in the scientific Mosaic. We use the concept of scientific mosaic to define the concept of scientific change. What is Mosaic?Ans - They ar...

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  • March 27, 2022
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HPS100 UofT Final Exam Notes

TheoryAns - A set of propositions. An attempt to describe something

Scientific MosaicAns - A set of all accepted theories.

Scientific ChangeAns - Any change in the scientific Mosaic. We use the concept of
scientific mosaic to define the concept of scientific change.

What is Mosaic?Ans - They are some of the theories of our contemporary scientific
mosaic.

Natural ScienceAns - Biology, Chemistry, Physics.

Social ScienceAns - History, Sociology, Psychology

Formal ScienceAns - Math

Analytic PropositionsAns - They are deductible from definitions, cannot contradict the
result of experiments or observations, Necessarily hold in all possible worlds: the
opposite is inconceivable E.x Formal sciences (mathematics, logic)

Synthetic PropositionsAns - Not deductible from definitions, Can contradict the results of
experiments or observations. Do not necessarily hold in all possible world: the opposite
is conceivable
E.x, natural selection, physics, biology, economics. Because the opposite can happen.
They all come from empirical science, they are observations of the world.

Why can we not have absolute knowledge?Ans - The Problem of Sensations, Induction,
Theory-Ladenness

FallibilismAns - No synthetic proposition can be infallible. Empirical knowledge cannot
be absolutely certain

InfallibilismAns - Synthetic propositions can be infallible. Empirical knowledge can be
absolutely certain.

AcceptanceAns - A theory is said to be accepted if it is taken as the best available
description of its object

UseAns - A theory is said to be used if it is taken as an adequate tool for practical
application

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