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Hall: Guyton and Hall Textbook of Medical Physiology, 13th Edition Chapter 01: Functional Organization of the Human Body and Control of the “Internal Environment” Test Bank 1. What is the most abundant type of cell in the human body? A. Neuron B. Epithelial cell C. Red blood cell D. White blood cell E. Vascular smooth muscle cell F. Skeletal muscle cell ANS C 2. The most abundant substance in the human body and the approximate percentage of that substance in the body is which of the following? A. Protein, 30% B. Protein, 60% C. Water, 30% D. Water, 60% E. Carbohydrate, 30% F. Carbohydrate, 60% ANS: D 3. A large volume of blood is transfused to a person whose baroreceptor blood pressure control system is not functioning. Arterial blood pressure rises from the normal level of 100 to 160 mm Hg. If the same volume of blood is infused into the same person when the baroreceptor system is functioning, and this time the arterial pressure increases from the normal level of 100 mm Hg up to 120 mm Hg, what is the gain of the baroreceptor system? A. –3 B. –2 C. –1 D. 0 E. +1 F. +2 G. +3 ANS: B 4. Which of the following substances has the highest extracellular fluid to intracellular fluid concentration ratio for most mammalian cells? A. Sodium ions B. Potassium ions C. Carbon dioxide D. Glucose E. Protein ANS: A 5. Exchange of substances between the cardiovascular system and the interstitial fluid occurs mainly in which of the following? A. Arteries B. Arterioles C. Capillaries D. Venules E. Veins ANS: C 6. What is the approximate distance from the capillaries to most cells of the body? A. Less than 50 angstroms B. Less than 50 microns C. Less than 50 millimeters D. Less than 100 angstroms E. Less than 100 microns F. Less than 100 millimeters ANS: A 7. When a person is at rest, how much time is required for the bl ood in the circulation to traverse the entire circulatory circuit? A. 1 second B. 1 minute C. 3 minutes D. 4 minutes E. 5 minutes ANS: B
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