BIO 202L Lab 14 The Urinary System (100% correct solutions) | GRADED A+
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BIO 202L
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BIO 202L
Student Access Code (located on the lid of your lab kit): Pre-Lab Questions 1. What is the function of the ureter? To transport urine from the kidney to the bladder. 2. Compare and cont rast the male and female urethra. In both females and males, the urethra transports urine from the bladder to the...
2 compare and contrast the male and female urethra
3 describe the two layers of the kidneys
1 what specific part of the kidney does the dialysis tubing repr
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Lab 14 The Urinary System BIO202L
Student
Access Code (located on the lid of your lab kit):
Pre-Lab Questions
1. What is the function of the ureter?
To transport urine from the kidney to the bladder.
2. Compare and contrast the male and female urethra.
In both females and males, the urethra transports urine from the bladder to the outside
of the body. In females the urethra is about 3-4cm long, straight, and goes straight from
the neck of the bladder to the vulva. In males the urethra is about 20cm long and
curves, going from the neck of the bladder through the prostate gland and then the
penis. In males the urethra also transports semen to the outside of the body. The
urethra in females is more prone to infections due to its shorter size.
3. Describe the two layers of the kidneys.
The two layers are the medulla and the cortex. The medulla is the inner layer and
darker, and the cortex is the outer layer and lighter. The medulla contains renal
pyramids which are cone-shaped structures. The bases of these renal pyramids are
called medullary rays and extend into the cortex. The tips of the renal pyramids are
called renal papillae and point towards the renal sinus. Projections from the cortex,
called renal columns, are present between the renal pyramids. The main functional unit
of the kidneys are nephrons. Nephrons contain a renal corpuscle, a proximal convoluted
tubule, a loop of Henle, and a distal convoluted tubule. There are two types of
nephrons: juxtamedullary nephrons and cortical nephrons. Cortical nephrons are
entirely housed within the cortex, and the renal corpuscles of cortical nephrons (the
initial portion of the nephron) are distributed throughout the entire cortex.
Juxtamedullary nephrons have loops of Henle that extend into the deep parts of the
medulla, but the rest of the juxtamedullary nephrons are within the cortex. The kidneys
filter blood, which first interact with nephrons in the renal corpuscles within the cortex.
Urine is produced by the function of the kidneys, and this is collected within the medulla
in collecting ducts.
Experiment 1: Kidney Filtration
, Lab 14 The Urinary System BIO202L
Table 1: Solutions Present in Each Container Before 60 Minutes Submersion
Solution Dialysis Tubing Beaker
Congo Red Present Not Present
Yellow Food Coloring Present Not Present
Table 2: Solutions Present in Each Container After 60 Minutes Submersion
Solution Dialysis Tubing Beaker
Congo Red Present Not Present
Yellow Food Coloring Not Present Present
Post-Lab Questions
”1. What specific part of the kidney does the dialysis tubing represent? What is this part’s
function?”
The nephron. At first I was going to say the filtration membrane of the renal corpuscle (which is
made up of the capillary endothelium, basement membrane, and the podocytes of the Bowman
capsule). This is because the lab instructions stated that the solution initially placed into the
dialysis tubing containing the yellow food coloring, Congo Red, and water represents the blood
entering the kidney through the renal artery, which means it represents blood that has yet to be
filtered. And when placed in the beaker of water, the yellow food coloring filtered out, and the
Congo Red remained within the dialysis tubing. This would seemingly represent the filtration
that occurs within the renal corpuscle, more specifically, by the filtration membrane. However, I
noticed that while the yellow food coloring diffused out of the dialysis tubing, water had
diffused into the dialysis tubing, seen by an increase in fluid volume within the tubing. This
would represent the reabsorption of water, which does not take place within the renal
corpuscle. Therefore, while the renal corpuscle is part of the nephron, it is more accurate to say
that the dialysis tubing represents the nephron as a whole. The nephron is the main functional
unit of the kidney. Its function is to filter the blood and regulate the fluid composition of the
body in doing so. Essentially, nephrons function to sort substances from blood, secreting the
bad ones, and keeping the good/necessary ones.
”2. What does the yellow food coloring represent at the end of the experiment? What does the
Congo Red represent? ”
The yellow food coloring represents the urine at the end of the experiment. The Congo Red
represents the filtered blood (heading out of the kidney eventually through the renal vein).
”3. Why is it important that the kidney filters the blood? ”
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