HESI STUDY GUIDE RESPIRATORYPenumonia – Inflammation of the lower respiratory tact
o Types:
Bacterial (gram positive / negative)
Viral
Fungal (rare)
Chemical
o Reach lungs by:
Aspiration
Inhalation
Hematogenous Spread
o High Risk Groups
Altered Level of ...
penumonia – inflammation of the lower respiratory tact o types bacterial gram positive negative viral fungal rare chemical o reach lungs by aspiration inhalation hematogenous spr
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, Penumonia – Inflammation of the lower respiratory tact
o Types:
Bacterial (gram positive / negative)
Viral
Fungal (rare)
Chemical
o Reach lungs by:
Aspiration
Inhalation
Hematogenous Spread
o High Risk Groups
Altered Level of Consciousness
Depressed/absent gag and cough reflexes
Susceptible to aspirating -> Oropharyngeal secretions
Alcoholic, anesthetized individuals
Drug Overdose
Stroke Victims
Immunocompromised
o Nursing Assessment
Tachypnea – shallow, often accessory muscles
Sudden onset of fever/shaking/chills
Productive Cough with pleuritic (lung) pain
Rapid/bounding pulse
Breath sounds - crackles
o OLDER ADULTS: confusion, lethargy/malaise, anorexia, tachypnea, tachycardia
o Interventions:
Assess sputum – COCA
Turn and deep breath q2hrs
Humidify room/oxygen
Chest physiotherapy
3L/day of fluids (liquefies secretions)
Monitor ABG’s
PO2 >80, PCO2 <45
Encourage at risk groups to get annual pneumonia and flu shots
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