NUR 112 Final Exam Questions and Answers NEW 2023/24
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Course
NUR 112
Institution
NUR 112
NUR 112 Final Exam Questions and Answers NEW 2023/24/NUR 112 Final Exam Questions and Answers NEW 2023/24/NUR 112 Final Exam Questions and Answers NEW 2023/24/NUR 112 Final Exam Questions and Answers NEW 2023/24/NUR 112 Final Exam Questions and Answers NEW 2023/24/NUR 112 Final Exam Questions and A...
what is normal oral temperature for adults? 97.5-99.5
what is normal rectal and temporal temperature for children and adults? 98.7-100.5
what is the avg pulse for adults? 80
what is normal oral temperature for children? 97.5-99.5
what is the normal tympanic temperature for children? 98.2-100
what is the normal blood pressure for adults? less than 120/less than 80
what is the prehypertensive blood pressure for adults? 100-119/80-89
what is the stage 1 HTN range? 140-159/90-99
what is the stage 2 HTN range? 160-180/100-110
what is the HTN crisis range?>180/>110
what is temperature defined as? the difference between heat produced by the body and heat
lost to the environment
what portion of the brain controls temperature? hypothalamus
what process uses energy and generates heat? metabolism
what process increasing temperature via running, shivering, etc.? skeletal muscle movement
what process involves brown fat? nonshivering thermogenesis
what is the loss of heat through electromagnetic waves emitting from surfaces that are warmer
than surrounding air? radiation
what is the transfer of heat through currents of air or water? convection
how does evaporation take place in the body? water is lost from skin via perspiration or by
mucus membranes via exhalation
what is the transfer of heat from a warm to a cool surface by direct contact? conduction
what are factors that influence body temperature? developmental level, environment, gender,
exercise, emotions/stress, circadian rhythm
when does pyrexia occur? response to pyrogens which induce secretion of substances
(prostaglandins) that reset the hypothalamic thermostat at a higher temperature
what is hyperpyrexia? temperature >105.8
what is hypothermia? core temperature below 95
what is hypothermia associated with?extended exposure to cold, extreme weather, immersion in
cold water, or lack of shelter and clothing
when is hypothermia deliberate? cardiac/neuro surgery
what is the initial phase of fevers called and what does it include? febrile episode; rising but not
peek temp
what is the second phase of fevers called and what does it include? course; new max temp
what is the third phase of fevers and what does it include? defervescence or crisis; returns to
normal/"breaks"
,what process takes place when retrieving pulse? begins when LV contracts and ends when it
relaxes
what are systole and diastole?systole (contraction) and diastole (relaxation)
what is stroke volume? quantity of blood pumped out by each contraction of the LV
what is cardiac output? stroke volume x HR
which system regulates HR? ANS
what factors influence HR? developmental level, gender, exercise, food intake, stress, fever,
disease, blood loss, position change, meds
which pulse is most accurate?apical
why is apical pulse best for infants/children? peripheral pulses may be difficult to palpate
describe the grades/amplitudes of pulse 0: absent/cannot be felt
1: weak/thready
2: normal
3: bounding/full
what is poor pulse associated with? ineffective tissue perfusion, risk for impaired skin integrity,
risk for impaired tissue integrity, deficient fluid volume, excess fluid volume, decreased cardiac
output
what are some interventions associated with abnormal vital signs? dysrhythmia management,
vital signs monitoring, etc
what is considered mechanical respiration? pulmonary ventilation; breathing; active movement
of air in and out of the respiratory system
what is considered chemical respiration? exchange of O2 and CO2; exchange of gases b/w
capillaries and tissues
what are factors that influence respirations? developmental level, exercise, pain, stress, smoking,
fear, hemoglobin, disease, meds, position
what are the rates for respirations? apnea, bradypnea, tachypnea
what are the depths for respirations? deep, shallow, normal
what is assessed for rhythm of respirations? pattern
what are the types of effort for respirations? dyspnea, orthopnea
what is a wheeze? high-pitched, continuous musical
when is wheezing heard best?expiration
what are the 4 assessment findings associated with respiratory? rate, depth, rhythm, pattern
what is rhonchi? low-pitched, continuous caused by secretions in large airways
what is crackles? discontinuous high-pitched popping or low-pitched bubbling
when is crackles heard best? inspiration
what is stertor? labored breathing producing snoring
what are the common side-effects of hypoxia? pallor, cyanosis, restlessness, confusion,
dizziness, decreased LOC
what do ABGs measure? partial pressures of O2, CO2, and blood pH
what does hyperventilation lead to? hypocapnia and respiratory alkalosis
how much is total blood volume? ~ 5L
what is primary HTN? no identifiable cause, accounts for at least 90% of all HTN cases
what is the third leading cause of death? preventable medical errors
what does SRE stand for? serious reportable events/never events
what are SREs? adverse events that should never occur in a healthcare settings (falls, UTIs,
pressure ulcers)
, what is QSEN? Quality and Safety Education for Nurses
what is are the process of risk management? identify possible risks, analyze the risk, act to
reduce the risk
what are MVAs? motor vehicle accidents
what are the most common physical hazards? MVAs, poisoning, suffocation/asphyxiation,
fires and falls
what does RACE stand for? rescue/remove, activate alarm, contain fire, extinguish fire
what are the four phases in disaster response? alert, standby, callout, recovery
what is FEMA? central federal agency for emergency planning
what is the leading cause of death in infants, toddlers and preschoolers? injuries
what is the most common harmful actions for adolescents? risk-taking behavior such as
smoking/drinking/alcohol, MVA, sports injury, concussion, and suicide
older adults are more likely to experience what kind of harm? falls, environmental hazards,
burns
what are SDS sheets? safety data sheets that provide information on chemical composition of a
material, etc
what is the process for reporting breaches in security? ethics committee, chain of command,
incident report, HIPAA
what is a pathogen? any microorganism that causes disease
what is a communicable disease? a disease that is spread from one host to another
what is asymptomatic? showing no symptoms
what is active immunity? vaccination-acquired immunity
what is passive immunity? introduction of antibodies from another person or animal (i.e.
mothers to babies in utero)
what is the chain of infection? infectious agent/pathogen to reservoir to portal of exit to
mode of transmission to portal of entry to host susceptibility
what are the stages of infection? incubation, prodrome, illness stage, decline, convalescent
stage
what is the incubation period? pathogen begins replication, asymptomatic
what is the prodrome phase? symptomatic, usually non-specific
what is the illness stage? more specific symptoms, pathogen proliferates and disseminates
quickly
what is the decline phase of infection? clinical manifestations begin to fade
what is the convalescent stage? problem resolved, return to health, chronic state or death
what are the primary defenses against infection? normal flora, skin respiratory tree, eyes,
mouth, GI tract, GU tract/anus
what are standard precautions? gloves when touching bodily fluid, masks for splashes,
gown if soiling is likely
what is contact precaution? gloves, gown
what is droplet precaution? glove, masks
what illnesses would require droplet precaution? flu, mumps
what is airborne precaution? respirator masks and negative pressure airflow
what illnesses require airborne precautions? tb, varicella, measles
what is a protective environment? gloves, mask, gown
what would require a protective environment? stem cell transplant, chemo
what is medical/clean technique? procedures to reduce and prevent spread of microorganisms
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