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The Case of the Dividing Cell: Mitosis and Meiosis in the Cellular Court
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The Case of the Dividing Cell: Mitosis and Meiosis in the Cellular CourtPart 1 – The First Day of Testimony
1. What are the major events that occur during each of the stages in the life cycle of a cell such
as a skin cell, i.e., Interphase, Prophase, Metaphase, Anaphase, Telophase, and Cytokinesis?
Assume you are a court reporter that has to explain these stages to your readers with as little
jargon as possible.
The stages of the cell cycle can be broken down into six stages: Interphase, Prophase,
Metaphase, Anaphase, and Telophase. Those stages are divided by the location or existence of
chromosomes. Chromosomes are the bundle of DNA and Protein. Chromosomes are being
created for move and exchange DNA information easier than just using DNA only.
Actually, Interphase stage is not included in the stage of mitosis cycle. Interphase stage is
the “resting” time of the cell mitosis cycle. And Interphase is comprised of G1, S, and G2 stages.
DNA is duplicated during the S stage. And cell prepares for the mitosis in G1 and S stage.
After preparation which is called interphase, cell starts to begin mitosis. Prophase is the
first stage of mitosis. In prophase, the chromosomes condense and become visible. The centrioles
form and move toward opposite ends of the cell, which is usually referred as “the poles.” And the
nuclear membrane dissolves since the cell has to be divided. And the mitotic spindle forms from
the centrioles in animal cells. And Spindle fibers from each centriole attach to each sister
chromatid at the kinetochore.
After prophase is metaphase. The centrioles complete their migration to the poles, and the
chromosomes line up in the middle of the cell which is usually called “the equator part of cell.”
The chromosomes are most well-observed in this stage. Since the chromosomes are well-
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, observed, this stage is mostly used for researching about heredity and mitosis. But this is most
short stage among the stages of the cell, it is so short that observed barely.
Next stage is anaphase. Chromosomes are moved to pole part of cell again. Spindles
attached to kinetochores begin to shorten. This exerts a force on the sister chromatids that pulls
them apart. Spindle fibers continue to shorten, pulling chromatids to opposite poles. And this
ensures that each daughter cell gets identical sets of chromosomes.
Mitosis is ended by the stage called telophase, which is the next stage of anaphase. The
chromosomes decadence. The nuclear envelope starts to form. And cytokinesis reaches
completion, and creating two daughter cells.
2. How does cell division differ in prokaryotes and eukaryotes? Clearly, these differences may
be difficult for the prokaryotes in the jury to follow unless you show the similarities and
differences.
Eukaryotic cells have a true nucleus unlike Prokaryotic cells. True nucleus means the
nucleus which is bounded by a double membrane. Prokaryotic cells don’t have nucleus. Their
DNA is just spread through whole cell body. Furthermore, Eukaryotic DNA is composed with
proteins called "histones," and is organized into chromosomes; prokaryotic DNA is not, it has no
histones unlike eukaryotic DNA, and it is not formed into chromosomes.
Since the difference is existing between eukaryotic and prokaryotic DNA, their cell
divisions are different each other. Eukaryotic cells divide by using visible spindles,
chromosomes, and centromeres. Prokaryotic division is generally faster than Eukaryotic division.
Prokaryotic division doesn't involve condensation of nuclear material and their genetic
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