PGY300 Renal Practice Questions
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1) Functions of the kidneys include all but one of the following. Identify the exception.
a) regulation of extracellular fluid volume
b) maintenance of ion balance in body fluids
c) regulation of blood protein levels
d) regulation of blood osmolari...
pgy 300 renal practice questions spring 2021 2021 2022
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PGY300 Renal Practice Questions
1) Functions of the kidneys include all but one of the following. Identify the exception.
a) regulation of extracellular fluid volume
b) maintenance of ion balance in body fluids
c) regulation of blood protein levels
d) regulation of blood osmolarity
e) homeostatic regulation of blood pH
2) Substances directly regulated by the kidney include all EXCEPT which of the following?
a) Na+
b) K+
c) Ca2+
d) HCO3-
e) glucose
3) The characteristic yellow color of urine is attributed to the presence of which of the
following?
a) urobilin
b) uric acid
c) urea
d) renin
e) bile
4) Urea is produced primarily by which of the following?
a) proximal tubule
b) collecting duct
c) kidney
d) adrenal gland
e) liver
5) Urine is carried to the urinary bladder by
a) blood vessels.
b) lymphatics.
c) the ureters.
d) the urethra.
e) none of the above
6) Technically, the kidneys are located
a) in the thoracic cavity.
b) in the abdominal cavity.
c) behind the pleural membranes.
d) behind the peritoneal membrane.
e) in the pelvic cavity.
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, PGY300 Renal Practice Questions
7) Blood flow through the kidney includes a feature seen in only a few organs. What is it?
a) portal system
b) arterial shunts
c) vascular sinuses
d) veins containing highly oxygenated blood
e) anastomoses
8) Which structure is NOT part of the blood circulation through the kidney?
a) vasa recta
b) loop of Henle
c) glomerulus
d) renal corpuscle
9) Which statement is NOT true?
a) The blood supply to the kidneys comes through the renal arteries.
b) As much as one fourth of the cardiac output may flow to the kidneys at any given
moment.
c) The kidneys do not reabsorb filtered waste products.
d) The urinary bladder is filled by two ducts, called ureters, and emptied by the single
urethra.
e) Women are more likely to develop urinary tract infections than men.
10) The Bowman's capsule and glomerulus make up the
a) renal pyramid.
b) loop of Henle.
c) renal corpuscle.
d) renal papilla.
e) collecting system.
11) A glomerulus is
a) the expanded end of a nephron.
b) a "knot" of capillaries that lies within the Bowman's capsule.
c) the portion of the nephron closest to the renal corpuscle.
d) the portion of the nephron that attaches to the collecting duct.
e) the hairpin-shaped segment of the nephron.
12) The portion of the nephron closest to the renal corpuscle is the ___________
a) loop of Henle.
b) proximal tubule.
c) distal tubule.
d) collecting duct.
e) minor calyx.
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, PGY300 Renal Practice Questions
13) The portion of the nephron that precedes the collecting duct is the __________ .
a) loop of Henle
b) proximal tubule
c) distal tubule
d) renal pelvis
e) minor calyx
14) The hairpin-shaped segment of the nephron is the ___________
a) loop of Henle.
b) proximal tubule.
c) distal tubule.
d) vasa recta.
e) minor calyx.
15) The process of filtration in the kidney is most accurately described as
a) highly specific.
b) completely nonspecific.
c) relatively nonspecific.
16) The filtration fraction of a normal kidney is approximately __________ of the renal plasma
flow.
a) 4/5
b) 1/5
c) 3/4
d) 1/2
e) 90%
17) In normal kidneys, blood cells and plasma proteins are
a) filtered then reabsorbed.
b) secreted then reabsorbed.
c) not filtered.
d) filtered and secreted.
18) Which is NOT a kidney filtration barrier?
a) glomerular capillary endothelium
b) basal lamina
c) podocyte foot process
d) juxtaglomerular apparatus
19) The major force for glomerular filtration is the
a) blood pressure in the glomerular capillaries.
b) oncotic pressure in the glomerular capillaries.
c) hydrostatic pressure of the filtrate.
d) reabsorption in the nephron.
e) none of the above
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