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Sumario Sales minerales y gases-biomoléculas
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Explicación de las sales minerales y sus tipos
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2. Sales minerales2.1. INSOLUBLES
También llamadas sales minerales precipitadas.
Presentan función plástica-estructural (protección y sostén) ya que forman
estructuras sólidas y duras.
Entre ellas destaca:
-Caparazones de los crustáceos y moluscos formados de carbonato de calcio.
-Esqueleto interno de los vertebrados formado por fosfato de calcio.
-El esmalte de los dientes está formado de fluoruro de calcio.
2.2. SOLUBLES
También llamadas sales minerales disueltas.
Se disocian en sus iones y participan en diversas funciones:
-Catalítica: algunos iones (Cu, Mn, Mg, Zn...) actúan como cofactores
enzimáticos en procesos fotosintéticos, de coagulación de la sangre o de
contracción muscular.
-Osmótica: interviene en los procesos relacionados con la distribución de agua
en los compartimentos intra y extracelulares.
-Tamponadora: mantienen el pH constante dentro de ciertos límites.
-De nutriente: organismos autótrofos utilizan determinadas sales como fuente de
elementos para la síntesis de compuestos orgánicos.
3. Gases
Los más importantes son:
-Oxígeno (O2)
-Dióxido de carbono (CO2)
-Nitrógeno (N2)
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