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“The Most Recent TOEFL Exam
Questions for 2022 Academic Year
Worldwide”
1
, Reading:
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Many great inventions are initially greeted with ridicule and
disbelief. The invention of the airplane was no exception.
Although many people who heard about the first powered
flight on December 17, 1903 were excited and impressed,
others reacted with peals of laughter. The idea of flying an
aircraft was repulsive to some people. Such people called
Wilbur and Orville Wright, the inventors of the first flying
machine, impulsive fools. Negative reactions, however, did
not stop the Wrights. Impelled by their desire to succeed,
they continued their experiments in aviation.
Orville and Wilbur Wright had always had a compelling
interest in aeronautics and mechanics. As young boys they
earned money by making and selling kites and mechanical
toys. Later, they designed a newspaper-folding machine,
built a printing press, and operated a bicycle-repair shop.
In 1896, when they read about the death of Otto Lilienthal,
the brothers’ interest in flight grew into a compulsion.
Lilienthal, a pioneer in hang-gliding, had controlled his
gliders by shifting his body in the desired direction. This
idea was repellent to the Wright brothers, however, and
they searched for more efficient methods to control the
balance of airborne vehicles. In 1900 and 1901, the
Wrights tested numerous gliders and developed control
techniques. The brothers’ inability to obtain enough lift
power for the gliders almost led them to abandon their
efforts.
After further study, the Wright brothers concluded that the
published tables of air pressure on curved surfaces must
2
,be wrong. They set up a wind tunnel and began a series of
experiments with model wings. Because of their efforts,
the old tables were repealed in time and replaced by the
first reliable figures for air pressure on curved surfaces.
This work, in turn, made it possible for the brothers to
design a machine that would fly. In 1903 the Wrights built
their first airplane, which cost less than $1,000. They even
designed and built their own source of propulsion-a
lightweight gasoline engine. When they started the engine
on December 17, the airplane pulsated wildly before taking
off. The plane managed to stay aloft for 12 seconds,
however, and it flew 120 feet.
By 1905, the Wrights had perfected the first airplane that
could turn, circle, and remain airborne for half an hour at a
time. Others had flown in balloons and hang gliders, but
the Wright brothers were the first to build a full-size
machine that could fly under its own power. As the
contributors of one of the most outstanding engineering
achievements in history, the Wright brothers are accurately
called the fathers of aviation.
40. The idea of flying an aircraft was ______ to some
people.
1. boring
2. distasteful
3. exciting
4. needless
5. Answer not available
41. People thought that the Wright brothers had ______.
1. acted without thinking
3
, 2. been negatively influenced
3. been too cautious
4. been mistaken
5. acted in a negative way
42. The Wrights’ interest in flight grew into a ______.
1. financial empire
2. plan
3. need to act
4. foolish thought
5. Answer not available
43. Lilienthal’s idea about controlling airborne vehicles was
_________ the Wrights.
1. proven wrong by
2. opposite to the ideas of
3. disliked by
4. accepted by
5. improved by
44. The old tables were _________ and replaced by the
first reliable figures for air pressure on curved surfaces.
1. destroyed
2. invalidated
3. multiplied
4. approved
5. not used
45. The Wrights designed and built their own source of
_________.
1. force for moving forward
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