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Summary PLC3702 - Democracy and other forms of regime Procedural & Substantive democracy
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PROCEDURAL AND SUBSTANTIVE DEMOCRACYIntroduction:
Some theorists claim that there is more to democracy than mere procedures and prefer to
emphasis the substantive nature of democratic decisions.
A wider definition of the concept of democracy will include elements of both.
Procedural democracy:
The concept of procedural democracy is based on the idea that in order for a political system
to be democratic, the citizens (demos) have to comply with certain criteria in the procedures
whereby they make decisions.
Assumptions theory is based on:
1. A number of people wish to establish an association, a political system or a state which
will be governed in terms of democratic principles – such an association will need rules for
making decisions that will be binding on all members. The procedures cannot be democratic
unless the demos include more than one member.
2. There is a need among the members of the association for binding decisions on at least
some issues, in other words there is a need for a process that can give rise to binding
decisions on issues.
3. A process whereby binding decisions are made should include at least two phases
(setting the agenda for decision making and determining the final outcome)
4. Binding decisions should be made only be members of the association – this assumes
that members of the association possess certain qualifications. Decision making and rules
should include everyone whose interests are affected.
5. The demands of a significant number of members in respect of the rules, policies and
actions made possible by means of binding decisions are valid and equally valid and no
single member’s demands are superior to the demands of the said group of members.
The criteria for procedural democracy:
Dahl (1989) provides the following as procedures that will constitute a democracy
1. Effective participation- members should be granted sufficient and equal opportunities to
include issues in the agenda and to submit reasons in support of one or the other outcome
2. Voting equality at the decisive stage – at the decisive stage of collective decisions, each
citizen must be ensured an equal opportunity to express a choice that will be counted as
equal in weight to the choice expressed by another citizen
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