Samenvatting Voertuigtechnologie derde jaar Automotive
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Course
Voertuigtechnologie
Institution
Katholieke Hogeschool VIVES (VIVES)
Samenvatting van het vak voertuigtechnologie gegeven in het derde jaar Automotive management. In de samenvatting staan veel tekeningen die zeker een meerwaarde zijn bij het studeren.
Samenvatting voertuigtechnologie
Inhoud
1 De conventionele aandrijflijn.......................................................................................................1
1.1 Koppeling ............................................................................................................................1
1.2 De werking van de koppeling ...............................................................................................1
1.3 De diafragmakoppeling........................................................................................................2
1.4 Koppelingsplaat ...................................................................................................................3
1.5 De koppeling – bedieningsvormen .......................................................................................3
1.6 De koppeling .......................................................................................................................3
2 Het tweedelig vliegwiel ...............................................................................................................5
2.1 Inleiding ..............................................................................................................................5
2.2 Waarom ..............................................................................................................................5
2.3 Ontwerp ..............................................................................................................................5
2.4 Overbrenging van trillingen .................................................................................................6
2.5 Diagnose .............................................................................................................................6
3 De versnellingsbak (gangwissel) ..................................................................................................6
3.1 Doel en gestelde eisen .........................................................................................................6
3.2 Praktische uitvoering ...........................................................................................................6
3.3 Geruisloze tandwielen .........................................................................................................7
4 Gesynchroniseerde gangwissel ....................................................................................................7
4.1 Het nut van gesynchroniseerde gangwissel ..........................................................................7
4.2 Gesynchroniseerde versnellingsbakken ...............................................................................7
4.3 Gewone synchronisering met veerbegrensde drukkracht.....................................................8
4.4 Spersynchronisatie met spertanden.....................................................................................8
4.5 Spersynchronisatie met sperblokjes.....................................................................................9
4.6 Spersynchronisatie met servowerking (zelfversterking – Porsche) .......................................9
4.7 Versnellingsbak bij motorfietsen..........................................................................................9
4.8 Het schakelmechanisme .................................................................................................... 10
4.9 Bepalen van de gangwisselverhouding............................................................................... 11
4.10 Continue systemen ............................................................................................................ 12
4.11 Smering van de gangwissel ................................................................................................ 12
5 Transmissieassen en drijfbruggen.............................................................................................. 12
5.1 Transmissieassen ............................................................................................................... 12
5.2 Cardankoppeling of kruiskoppeling .................................................................................... 12
, 5.3 Dubbele kruiskoppeling ..................................................................................................... 13
5.4 Elastische koppelingen ...................................................................................................... 13
5.5 Homokinetische koppelingen............................................................................................. 13
5.6 Het differentieel ................................................................................................................ 14
5.7 Soorten overbrengingen .................................................................................................... 14
5.8 Het differentieel ................................................................................................................ 14
5.9 Het sperdifferentieel ......................................................................................................... 16
6 Automatische transmissie ......................................................................................................... 17
7 De koppelomvormer ................................................................................................................. 17
7.1 Taken ................................................................................................................................ 17
7.2 Onderdelen en constructie (TRILOK) .................................................................................. 18
7.3 Werking van de koppelomvormer...................................................................................... 18
7.4 Pomp, turbine en stator..................................................................................................... 18
7.5 Overbruggingskoppeling of lock-up.................................................................................... 18
8 Transmissievloeistof (ATF) ......................................................................................................... 18
8.1 Eigenschappen en typering ................................................................................................ 18
9 Mechanische deel ..................................................................................................................... 19
9.1 Planetaire tandwielstelsels ................................................................................................ 19
9.2 Koppelingen, remmen, eenrichtingskoppelingen ............................................................... 20
9.3 Koppelingen ...................................................................................................................... 20
9.4 Eenrichtingskoppelingen.................................................................................................... 20
9.5 De remmen ....................................................................................................................... 20
9.6 Parkeermechanisme .......................................................................................................... 21
10 Hydraulisch deel .................................................................................................................... 21
10.1 De oliepomp ...................................................................................................................... 21
10.2 De lock-up ......................................................................................................................... 21
11 Onderhoud ............................................................................................................................ 22
11.1 Verificatie van oliepeil ....................................................................................................... 22
11.2 Staat van de olie ................................................................................................................ 22
11.3 ATF verversen.................................................................................................................... 22
11.4 Toestand van de filter ........................................................................................................ 22
11.5 Diagnose ........................................................................................................................... 22
12 Elektronisch gestuurde automatische gangwissel .................................................................. 22
12.1 Werking............................................................................................................................. 22
12.2 Communicatie met ECU motormanagement ...................................................................... 23
13 Gerobotiseerde transmissie................................................................................................... 25
,1 Voor- en nadelen van gerobotiseerde versnellingsbakken ......................................................... 25
13.1 Voordelen ......................................................................................................................... 25
13.2 Nadelen............................................................................................................................. 25
14 De SMG II (Sequential Manual Gearbox) van BMW ................................................................ 25
14.1 Inleiding ............................................................................................................................ 25
14.2 Systeemopbouw ................................................................................................................ 25
14.3 Component- en functiebeschrijving ................................................................................... 26
14.3.1 Versnellingsbak.......................................................................................................... 26
14.3.2 SMG II-regeleenheid .................................................................................................. 26
14.3.3 Versnellingshandel module ........................................................................................ 27
14.3.4 Reservoir voor hydraulische vloeistof ......................................................................... 27
14.3.5 Hydraulische unit ....................................................................................................... 27
14.3.6 Versnellingsbak actuator ............................................................................................ 27
14.3.7 Koppeling................................................................................................................... 27
14.3.8 Elektronisch display SMG II ........................................................................................ 27
14.3.9 Drivelogic-control ...................................................................................................... 27
14.3.10 Langsversnellingssensor ......................................................................................... 27
14.4 Rij- en schakelprogramma’s ............................................................................................... 27
14.4.1 Inleiding ..................................................................................................................... 27
14.4.2 Schakelen in de A-stand (automatisch)....................................................................... 27
14.4.3 Schakelen in de S-stand (sequentieel) ........................................................................ 27
15 De DSG (Direkt Shift Gearbox) van VW-AUDI ......................................................................... 27
15.1 Inleiding ............................................................................................................................ 27
15.2 Voordelen en nadelen van de DSG ..................................................................................... 28
15.3 Basisprincipe ..................................................................................................................... 28
15.4 Opbouw ............................................................................................................................ 28
15.5 Werking............................................................................................................................. 28
15.6 Tweede generatie DSG ...................................................................................................... 29
15.7 S tronic .............................................................................................................................. 29
15.8 Toepassingen..................................................................................................................... 29
16 De opticruise van Scania ........................................................................................................ 29
16.1 Doel................................................................................................................................... 29
16.2 Verklaring .......................................................................................................................... 29
17 Vierwielaandrijving – AWD .................................................................................................... 30
1 Inleiding .................................................................................................................................... 30
17.1 Geschiedenis ..................................................................................................................... 30
, 17.2 Soorten wielaandrijvingen ................................................................................................. 30
17.2.1 Voorwielaandrijving (FWD) ........................................................................................ 30
17.2.2 Achterwielaandrijving ................................................................................................ 31
17.2.3 Vierwielaandrijving .................................................................................................... 31
17.3 Eisen gesteld aan 4WD ...................................................................................................... 31
17.4 Voordelen van 4WD........................................................................................................... 32
17.4.1 Betere tractie ............................................................................................................. 32
17.4.2 Wegrijden en accelereren (klimvermogen)................................................................. 34
17.4.3 Uitstekende bocht- en koersstabiliteit........................................................................ 34
17.4.4 Nog enkele voordelen van 4WD ................................................................................. 35
17.5 Nadelen van 4WD .............................................................................................................. 35
18 Koppel verdelen over de wielen ............................................................................................ 35
18.1 Inleiding ............................................................................................................................ 35
18.2 Planetair tandwielstelsel:................................................................................................... 35
18.3 Differentiëlen .................................................................................................................... 36
18.3.1 Inleiding ..................................................................................................................... 36
18.3.2 Open differentieel...................................................................................................... 36
18.3.3 Limited slip diff (wrijvingsdifferentieel) ...................................................................... 36
18.3.4 Torsen differentieel (koppel wordt verdeeld zonder slip) ........................................... 37
18.3.5 Het differentieelslot ................................................................................................... 38
19 Koppelingen .......................................................................................................................... 38
19.1 Algemeen .......................................................................................................................... 38
19.2 Visco koppeling ................................................................................................................. 39
19.2.1 Inleiding ..................................................................................................................... 39
19.2.2 Werking ..................................................................................................................... 39
19.2.3 Voordelen visco koppeling in vgl met gewone koppeling ............................................ 39
19.3 Haldex koppeling (veel gebruikt)........................................................................................ 39
19.3.1 Inleiding ..................................................................................................................... 39
19.3.2 Niet kennen ............................................................................................................... 39
19.3.3 Voordelen van een Haldex koppeling ......................................................................... 39
20 Soorten vierwielaandrijvingen ............................................................................................... 40
20.1 Manueel inschakelbare vierwielaandrijving ....................................................................... 40
20.1.1 Niet-permanente 4WD met manueel inschakelbare 4WD .......................................... 40
20.2 Automatisch inschakelbare vierwielaandrijving.................................................................. 40
20.2.1 Niet-permanente 4WD met elektronisch gestuurde koppeling ................................... 40
20.2.2 Niet-permanente 4WD met Visco koppeling .............................................................. 40
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