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Lecture notes Foundations in Social and Anthropological Theory (SOCI1014)
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4/10/2021- Lecture 1: SOCI1014, Karl MarxOverview-
● Born in 1818
● Industrial capitalism
● Studied philosophy in Berlin
● Expelled from germany and france- took something from every country
● Political activism in paris and London
● Partnership with Engels
● The economic and philosophical manuscripts
● Communist manifesto
● Capital
● Married with children- most of his life in england
● Died in poverty in 1883- highgate cemetery
Marx’s approach: Historical Materialism-
● Materialism- material conditions (work and economic position) shape individual social
relations and ideas- determines life conditions- born poor, bad life etc
● Problem = too determinalist- no room for mitigating circumstances
● Historical- labour is conditioned by history
● Persons life and work is conditioned by economic system but can change based on the
historical period of life
The Industrial Revolution-
● Shift from feudalism to industrial capitalism
● Wealth and power belonged to royalty
● Land is the key link between power and powerless
● Relations of production changed through IR
● Production of cotton and wool became central trade in IR- capitalism through wealthy
industrialists
● Factory created means of production
● Relations of production between workers and factories = workers had more power, sell
labour
Capitalist means and relations of production:
● Capitalist- bourgeoisie
● Workers- proletariat
● = social class relations
● Conflictual relations- antagonism drives change
Exploitation to revolution:
● Capitalism depends on profit
● Needs exploitation of a worker- efficiency, investment, more work for less £
● ‘Contains the seeds of its own destruction’
● Increasingly small numbers of B and larger of P
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