Complexity II: Molecular Efficiency and
4
Variety
4.3 Carbohydrates:Structure and Function
List the 4 classes of biomolecules and the class of monomers used as building blocks in the Carbohydrates, Lipids, Proteins, and Nucleic Acids.
polymers of each class. Monosaccharides.
What 3 kinds of atoms does a carbohydrate contain? Carbon, Hydrogen, and Oxygen
Sugars
What 2 characteristics of sugars make them members of the class of “carbohydrates”? Ready source of energy and serve as the building
blocks in larger polymers
Five of the six carbon atoms in a ____________ molecule are typically found bonded Sugar; Glucose?
together with an oxygen atom in a ring structure.
Name 2 general classes or kinds of sugar molecules. Monosaccharides and Disaccharides
Carbohydrate Polymers
What is the function of glycogen? Serves as a temporary storage form of energy.
4.4 Lipids:Structure and Function
Lipids are a class of molecules defined by their ____________ in water. Insolubility
Other than for cooking French fries, list 3 biological functions of lipid molecules of various 1. Participate in membrane structure as protective outer
sorts. coatings on surfaces of many organisms
2. Storage forms of metabolic energy
3. Signal molecules that diffuse toward and recognize
molecules on the cell surfaces of many organisms
The Wonderfully Functional Fat Molecule
The structure of a fat molecule (a polymer) consists of what 3 monomers covalently Fatty Acid
bonded to a glycerol molecule?
Unsaturated fats have a higher number of ________________________ between carbon Hydrogen Atoms or Covelant Bonds
atoms in their structures.
Animal fats tend to be ____________ with hydrogen atoms. Singly bonded
The Amazing Phospholipid
In a phospholipid, what are the 3 (monomeric) parts that are attached to the glycerol Two (2) fatty acid molecules and one (1) small organic
molecule? molecule containing a phosphate group
A phospholipid is a large polymeric molecule that is ____________ over most of its Nonpolar—polar
structure but very ____________ at one end.
What is the functional role of phospholipids in cells? Major component of all cell membranes
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