Chapter 7:
• DESCRIBE ERIK ERIKSON’S STAGES OF PSYCHOSOCIAL DEVELOPMENT (STAGES) AND
ASSESSMENT FINDINGS
Erikson’s Developmental Stages (Stages 1-8)
AGE STAGE OF BEHAVIOR RESOLUTION OF CRISIS
RANGE PSYCHOSOCIAL CRISIS
Birth to Trust versus Caregiver must meet all Develop a sense of
18 mo mistrust needs of the child. trust in others by
having needs met.
Infant trust Otherwise, the child
falling grows to have mistrust
and probs with emotional
attachments.
18 mo to 3 Autonomy versus shame Child can walk and speak, Achieve a balance
yr and doubt do things for themselves. between holding on and
Child strives to make letting go.
Toddlers decisions for himself or Parents should be
toilet herself. giving guidance and
training safety.
Strict/over-protective
parents = sense of
shame and doubt in child
in their own abilities.
3 to 6 yr Initiative versus Maturing physical and Initiate activities
guilt verbal abilities to expand without fear of
Preschooler their world to determine reprimand from
s climbing what kind of person to caregivers.
up the tree become. Otherwise, child develops
writing Child explores his or her guilt and can persist in
their world and abilities (running, life.
initials and jumping, throwing).
one is in a
quilt for
guilt
,6 to 12 yr Industry versus Child refines skills and Develop a sense of self-
Inferiority develops a peer social work worth based on
School- outside from their parents accomplishments while
grade who become more avoiding failure by their
where one influential. expectations since it can
is cause inadequacy or
industrially inferiority.
computer
competent
and the
other is
reverting in
their fur
coat
12 to 18 yr Identity versus Role Adolescent explores, has Emerge from the
Confusion multiple roles as student, stage with strong
sense of
,Adolescenc athlete, child, adult trying individuality.
e at an to figure out who they When adolescents fail to
adult chuck are. Time of “great figure out their sexual,
e cheeses change”. occupational, or
with a Emotional fluctuation and educational path,
gentle stress are common as they conflict results.
genital. 18 struggle to figure out who
year old they are/education and
brought career wise.
their ID
and there
is a
Confucius
looking at
a
cinnamon
roll.
18 to 35 yr Intimacy versus Isolation After achieving sense of Looking to accomplish
identity and setting a path love and family
Young for oneself, person searches relationships.
adult for partner who supports Failure = isolation.
looking for and complements him or
love in the her. Starting a family is
intimacy common.
inn while
the 30 year
old hides in
the ice
isolation
bin.
35 to 55 Generativity versus Seeking involvement to Gives them a sense of
Stagnation share their knowledge with self-worth as their
Older adult those younger than them children leave their
where one AKA a way of giving back to home.
has a their “illegitimate children”. Failure = stagnation
family to with egocentric and
share their self- indulging behavior.
knowledge
with and
the other is
alone at
the stag
slot
machine.
55 yr and Integrity versus Despair Feeling proud about the They are happy of their
beyond life they lived and accomplishments.
accepted death is near. Failure = regret and
Erickson despair over the outcome
dies and of their life.
the young
son looks
back and
is happy
with their
lives riding
in their
, integra and
there is a
sparrow
about to
hit the
window.
PSYCHOSOCIAL ASSESSMENT FINDINGS: ERIKSON’S.
o Young Adult - Intimacy versus Isolation:
▪ Intimacy: The ability to have a serious relationship with someone
whether it would be romantic or having an adult friendship with friends
of either sex or family. The child will always be a son or daughter of
their parents.
▪ Isolation: Occurs when the young adult is not able to form meaningful
adult relationships with others and resort to isolation by self-indulging
in bad habits such as drinking or using drugs. Some go to spirituality to
become social.
o Middle-aged adult – Generativity versus Stagnation:
▪ Generativity = passing down knowledge and providing some sort of
guidance for another generation, not only just your own children by
mentoring, writing books, painting, something to contribute to
society. This is to provide self-worth.
▪ Stagnation = Being stuck in their development by not contributing to
next generation which causes the person to be withdrawn and
stagnant, which a person can depend on their job, a favorite child or a
pet.
o Older-adult – Integrity versus despair:
▪ Integrity = Does not necessarily mean having a successful business or
making any huge accomplishments; it is more of the idea of being proud
of what you’ve done has endured thus far. Sometimes this realization
does not happen until the last days of life.
▪ Despair = Not being able to accept anything that one has endured
through their life instead of finding the light of what they have gone
through. This makes the person bitter and resentful before they die since
they are not happy with the outcome of their life.
• REVIEW KOHLBERG’S STAGES OF MORAL DEVELOPMENT
Kohlberg’s Stages of MORAL DEVELOPMENT
Level Stage Behaviors
Preconventional Stage 1 Obedience and punishment orientation: there are
Level consequences for rules to be followed or else they sit in
time-out/jail.
Stage 2 Individualism and exchange: based from one’s ideas and
wants in order to make a decision or judgement;
egocentric.
Conventional Level Stage 3 Good/bad orientation: Motivated to please others as their
objective for return for love, respect and admiration. They
want to be perceived as a “good person”.
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