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ATI PHARMACOLOGY FINAL EXAM REVIEW EXAM 2022 [WITH RATIONALE}

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ATI PHARMACOLOGY FINAL EXAM REVIEW EXAM 2022 [WITH RATIONALE} 1. A nurse is preparing to administer a dose of lactulose to a client who has cirrhosis. The client states, "I don't need this medication. I am not constipated." The nurse should explain that in clients who have cirrhosis, lactulose is...

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  • January 21, 2022
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ATI
PHARMACOLOGY
FINAL EXAM
REVIEW EXAM 2022
[WITH RATIONALE}

, ATI PHARMACOLOGY
FINAL EXAM REVIEW.
1. A nurse is preparing to administer a dose of lactulose to a client who has cirrhosis.
The client states, "I don't need this medication. I am not constipated." The nurse
should explain that in clients who have cirrhosis, lactulose is used to decrease levels
of which of the following components in the bloodstream?

a. Glucose

b. Ammonia

c. Potassium

d. Bicarbonate

Rationale:

Lactulose, a disaccharide, is a sugar that works as an osmotic diuretic. It prevents
absorption of ammonia in the colon. Accumulation of ammonia in the bloodstream,
which occurs in pathologic conditions of the liver, such as cirrhosis, may affect the
central nervous system, causing hepatic encephalopathy or coma.




2. A nurse on a medical unit is planning care for an older adult client who takes
several medications. Which of the following prescribed medications places the
client at risk for orthostatic hypotension? (Select all that apply.)

a. Furosemide

b. Telmisartan


c. Duloxetine


d. Clopidogrel

, e. Atorvastatin



3. A nurse is caring for a client who has difficulty swallowing medications and is
prescribed enteric-coated aspirin PO once daily. The client asks if the medication
can be crushed to make it easier to swallow. Which of the following responses
should the nurse provide?

a. "Crushing the medication might cause you to have a stomach-ache or
indigestion
b. "Crushing the medication is a good idea, and I can mix it in some ice
cream for you.”
c. "Crushing the medication would release all the medication at once, rather
than over time."
d. "Crushing is unsafe, as it destroys the ingredients in the medication."

Rationale:

The pill is enteric-coated to prevent breakdown in the stomach

and decrease the possibility of GI distress. Crushing destroys protection.




4. A nurse is providing teaching for a client who is newly diagnosed with type 2
diabetes mellitus and has a prescription for glipizide. Which of the following
statements by the nurse best describes the action of glipizide?

a. "Glipizide absorbs the excess carbohydrates in your system."

b. "Glipizide stimulates your pancreas to release insulin."

c. "Glipizide replaces insulin that is not being produced by your
pancreas."

d. "Glipizide prevents your liver from destroying your insulin."

Rationale:

Glipizide is an oral antidiabetic medication in the pharmacological classification of
sulfonylurea agents. These medications help to lower blood glucose levels in clients
who have type 2 diabetes mellitus using several methods, including reducing

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