These notes offer a comprehensive guide to the theory needed to write final exams in matric. They contain all the information on Intermolecular Forces in Organic Chemistry in the IEB chemistry syllabus. They are typed in a column format for easy learning. They have an array of diagrams to aid learn...
Intermolecular Forces Between
Organic Molecules
Chapter
The attractive forces btw molecules of a substance; much weaker than covalent
bonds btw atoms inside molecules; either van der Waals forces / hydrogen
bonding forces forms due 2 dipoles / induced-dipole forming on surface of
molecules.
Type of IMF
Hydrogen Bonds Dipole-Dipole London Forces
The N, O or F atom of the Haloalkanes Hydrocarbons :
one molecule alkanes, alkenes, alkynes,
cycloalkanes, cycloalkenes
H atom (which is bonded to Aldehydes Some haloalkanes e.G.
an N, O or F atom) on Tetrachloromethane,
another molecule. tetrachloroethene.
Alcohols Ketones
Carboxylic acids Esters
When the intermolecular forces btw molecules of substance = strong:
▪ Lot of energy = req overcome these IMF of attraction;
▪ Molecules aren’t easily separated from 1 another.
PHYSICAL DEFINITION PROPERTIES VS IMF
PROPERTY
Volatility Volatility = tendency of liquid 2 change Decreases if strength of
2 vapour. IMF increases.
Vapour Pressure Pressure exerted by particles of Decreases if the strength of
substance which hv vapourised (become IMF increases.
a gas), due 2 collisions w/ e/o.
Melting point Temperature @ which changes from a Increases if the strength of
solid 2 liquid. IMF increases.
Boiling point Temperature @ which changes from Increases if the strength of
liquid 2 gas & reached w/e vapour IMF increases.
pressure above liquid equals
atmospheric pressure.
Viscosity Indic of fluid's resistance 2 flow. Liq Increases if the strength of
w/ high viscosity = 'sticky’ & not flow IMF increases.
easily.
Liquid w/ low viscosity flows easily.
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