Notes on Chemical Engineering Calculations 1 with input
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Course
Chemical Engineering Calculations 1
Institution
University Of Mindanao
Book
Basic Principles and Calculations in Chemical Engineering
Class notes for CheCal 1 with input.
It includes the following (content): Units and Dimensions, Density, Specific Gravity, API scale, Baume scale, Twaddell scale, Brix scale, Basis, Temperature (relative and absolute scale), Pressure, Review on General Chemistry (compounds, balancing equations,...
Solution Manual For Basic Principles and Calculations in Chemical Engineering, 9th Edition by David M. Himmelblau Chapter 2-11
CheCal 1 formula key
Exam (elaborations) TEST BANK FOR Basic Principles and Calculations in Chemical Engineering 7th Edition By David M. Himmelblau, James B. Riggs (Solution Manual)
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Chemical Engineering Calculations 1
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There’s no need to memorize cubed or
Notes on CheCal 1 with input squared conversion factors
1 𝑔∙𝑐𝑚/𝑠2
Collab on 08/12/21 gc = 𝑑𝑦𝑛𝑒
32.174 𝑙𝑏𝑚 ∙𝑓𝑡/𝑠2
=
𝑙𝑏𝑓
1 𝑘𝑔∙𝑚/𝑠2
Difference of Units and Dimensions: = 𝑁
o Units: standard way of
Not on collab notes:
describing physical quantity
o Dimensions: physical quantity
Conversion Factor: gives the relationship 1 Btu = 3.93 x 10-4 hp-hr
of the two units involved; in fraction
form
SI Units: Collab on 08/17/20
o Greek prefixes
o In powers of 10
o Base unit + Greek prefix (also Density as conversion factor
called multiplier) o 1 g/cm3 = 62.4 lb/ft3
Format for solution: o 1 cP = 0.01 g/cm•s
o Given, required, solution: For dimensional analysis/consistency;
conversion factors then solution changing the units of the components:
For answers: o Do it reverse, use the goal units
o Usually 5% difference or then convert back to the original
deviation from calculated unit –new units back to original
answer for engineering students units
but only 0.1% for sir o Work only on one side of the
“No particular rule for rounding off”, as equation
long as it is reasonable and not too long o The resulting unit of the
**use exponential form if possible to be equation is added at the end and
safe will be converted to the
Exponential and logarithmic shouldn’t desired/goal unit
have units Try checking the method in SIM, the one
gc is a conversion factor to relate mass that tackles temperature etc.
and force
**it’s referred to as the “C” in
Himmelblau’s where it is defined as a Collab on 08/19/21
constant with a value of one to balance
the units and is dependent on the units
of the dimensions used in the equation Mole unit
Dyne: is force used for small objects o Amount of particles (molecules,
In writing exponential form: x 10n as en atoms, electrons)
o 0.012 kg of C-12
,
1000𝑔
𝑚𝑐 = 0.012 𝑘𝑔 × = 12 𝑔 Usual density used as reference for
1 𝑘𝑔
𝑚 12 𝑔
𝑛= = = 1𝑚𝑜𝑙𝐶 solids and liquids is density of water at
𝐹𝑊 12 𝑔/𝑚𝑜𝑙
o Etymology > mole > Latin > heap 4˚C >> 1.00 g/cm3
o 20°
Amount of substance 𝑆𝐺 = 0.72 4°
o 1 mole = 6.022x1023 o Numerator: temperature of
atoms/molecules/ions substance when measured
Avogadro’s number of o Denominator: temperature of
elementary reference when measured
units/entities
˚API
𝑚 𝑖𝑛 𝑙𝑏
o 1 𝑙𝑏𝑚𝑜𝑙 =𝑀𝑊 𝑖𝑛 𝑙𝑏/𝑙𝑏𝑚𝑜𝑙 o American Petroleum Institute
𝑚 𝑖𝑛 𝑔 141.5
o 1 𝑔𝑚𝑜𝑙 = 𝑀𝑊 𝑖𝑛 𝑔/𝑔𝑚𝑜𝑙 o °𝐴𝑃𝐼 = 60℉ − 131.5
𝑆𝐺
60℉
𝑚 𝑖𝑛 𝑘𝑔
o 1 𝑘𝑔𝑚𝑜𝑙 = 𝑀𝑊 𝑖𝑛 𝑘𝑔/𝑘𝑚𝑜𝑙 o Hydrometric scale based on
Also kgmol petroleum products
o Measure of the density of
Density
petroleum liquid in relation to
o Mass of substance per unit
density of water
volume
o Gravity or density of crude oil
o Kg/m3, lb/ft3, g/mL, g/cm3
and liquid petroleum products
Specific volume is reciprocal of density
o Devised by American Petroleum
Density of water, at 80-100
Institute and NIST – National
temperature, density changes (it goes
Institute of Standards and
down)
Technology
Relative density = specific gravity
o Oil with the least specific gravity
SG
has the highest API gravity
o A universal reference scale
o API gravity is directly
o Has two major drawbacks:
proportional with temperature
Laboratory precision
(SG is inversely proportional to
Limited range of scale
T)
o Often expressed to an accuracy
Volume of petroleum
of 2 or 3 decimal places
liquid is directly
Reference density for SG:
proportional to
o For liquids and solids, water
temperature
o For gases, air
o Crude oil quality standard
Comparing the density-temperature
adopted worldwide
graph of NH3 and water, the former has
o Indicate oil quality
apparent changes in density depending
o One of the important factors in
on the temperature
deciding the price of various
Solutions assume no changes in density varieties of crude oil
as temperature changes o ˚API > 45, extra light crude oil
𝜌𝑠𝑢𝑏𝑠𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑐𝑒
𝑆𝐺 = o ˚API (33,45), light crude oil
𝜌𝑟𝑒𝑓𝑒𝑟𝑒𝑛𝑐𝑒
, o ˚API (22, 33), medium crude oil 𝑆𝐺−1
o °𝑇𝑊 = 0.0005
o ˚API (10, 22), heavy crude oil o Scale for SG of solutions, first
o ˚API ≤ 10, extra heavy crude oil two digits to the right of the
o Light crude oil is more expensive decimal point multiplied by 2
than heavy crude oil o Reports the measured SG of a
Higher percentage of liquid relative to water
gasoline and diesel fuel o Only used for liquids with SG
Baumé scale greater than that of water
o ˚Be Usually ranges between
145
o °𝐵𝑒 = 145 − 𝑆𝐺 1.00 and 1.85
Heavier than water o Used in the British dye and
145 bleach manufacturing industries
o °𝐵𝑒 = 𝑆𝐺
− 130
o W. Twaddell Glasgow/ Thomas
Lighter than water
Twaddell > coined after
Some sources say it’s
o Charles Macintosh > person
140/SG
behind
o Antoine Baumé
o Used philosophical bubbles or
o Devised for making
SG beads
hydrometers
o Used in heavy industries to
o Used to determine the sugar
determine strength of solution
content of must
of various substances such as
o Used to calculate what the
brine, sugar solutions (syrup,
wine’s alcohol content will be
juice, honey, brewers, must) and
after fermentation
acids
o Used as a measure of density or
o Scale little known outside of UK,
concentration
mainly in England and Scotland
o SG of a sugar solution has a good
o Used for acids in tanning
correlation to sugar
industry and alkaline lye in
concentration
papermaking
In brewing >> wine
o Uses:
making and sugar beet
Tanning industry
processing
o A traditional description of a Determine
solutions concentration strength of
o A number of acids has its synthetic
concentration measured in tanning agents
˚Baume >> also called heaviness Easier to
scale determine the
o Strength of acids is expressed by extra water
their relative weight needed to
Twaddell scale dilute mixture
to desired
o ˚TW
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