This document is an 80-page summary with lots of images and text. The document goes through the structure of the OSI model, where it stands still per layer with an explanation of that part.
SAMEN VATTING NMP
Networking Methods and Protocols
This will contain the following Weeks
1. Introduction & OSI
2. Physical
3. Datalink
4. Network
5. Transport
6. Application
7. Security
Richard Reijerse
S1128082
0
,Content
1 Global overview .............................................................................................................................. 2
1.1 Applications............................................................................................................................. 2
1.2 Things: Smart Objects ............................................................................................................. 2
1.3 Everything can be connected .................................................................................................. 3
1.4 Resources in a Network (DEFINITIONS) .................................................................................. 4
1.5 Expectations of reliable networks........................................................................................... 8
1.6 TCP/IP Model: a layered model ............................................................................................ 11
2 Physical.......................................................................................................................................... 12
2.1 Baseband transmission ......................................................................................................... 12
2.2 Passband transmission: multiple access to a medium ......................................................... 16
2.2.1 Analog ........................................................................................................................... 16
2.2.2 Digital ............................................................................................................................ 17
2.3 Wired media.......................................................................................................................... 23
2.4 Wireless Media ..................................................................................................................... 26
3 Datalink ......................................................................................................................................... 31
3.1 LLC & Requirements for media access .................................................................................. 32
3.2 Data send protocols .............................................................................................................. 33
3.3 Frames................................................................................................................................... 36
4 Network ........................................................................................................................................ 42
4.1 Network Layer Protocols....................................................................................................... 42
4.2 The IPv4 header .................................................................................................................... 43
4.3 The Need for IPv6.................................................................................................................. 43
4.4 IPv4 vs IPv6 Packet ................................................................................................................ 44
4.5 Testing and error handling IP ................................................................................................ 48
5 Transport....................................................................................................................................... 60
6 7: Security ..................................................................................................................................... 73
6.1 Security Definitions ............................................................................................................... 73
1
,1 Global overview
Religious
All
People
Political
Seem Financial
To Application
Need
Data Presentation
Processing Session
Transport
Network
Data Link
Physical
Figure 1 OSI model
1.1 Applications
− Smart grid (Energy)
− Industrial automation
− Smart cities and Urban Networks
− Home automation
− Building automation
− Structural health monitoring
− Container tracking
− Health monitoring
Figure 2 Network can be a connection between a lot of things
1.2 Things: Smart Objects
• Connect the analog and digital world
– Interaction with physical world
– Communication to outside world
• Components
– Sensor/actuator
– Microcontroller
– Storage
– Network
– Power
2
, 1.3 Everything can be connected
• Embedded systems
– Computer embedded in something other
than a computer (real-time)
• Ubiquitous computing
– Computing moves into everyday objects,
e.g. wearables
• Mobile telephony
– Ubiquitous always-on service, available
everywhere. Figure 3 Connection of smart objects, old and new
• Wireless Sensor Networks
– Smart dust
• Mobile computing
– Carry-around computers
• Computer Networking
– Computer communication via the Internet
• Telemetry & machine-machine communication
– Autonomic communication between non-human operated machines
Challenges for designing IoT things and networks
• Node-level
– Physical size
– Power
– Cost
• Network-level
– Large scale: thousands of nodes
• Network size: routing
• Data size
– Environment (QoS)
• Lossy networks
– Addressing
– Ad hoc: auto management (1 on 1)
– External access
• Security
– Privacy
• Ubiquitous data collection
• Who owns your (sensor) data?
– Cyber attacks
• DDoS
– From things with computers to computer with/doing things
• The Internet is a giant robot
– Physical safety
• Stuxnet
– Patching/updates
– Unauthorized access
• Physical
• Remote
3
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