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Test Bank for Cognition 6th Edition by Radvansky
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1. The student of mental activity and thinking, broadly conceived, is called __________.
a. cognitive science
b. mind science
c. cognitive studies
d. mind studies
Page: 2
Type: conceptual
Answer: a
2. When did the cognitive revolution occur?
a. early 1970s
b. late 1950s
c. late 1850s
d. mid-1940s
Page: 2
Type: factual
Answer: b
3. Memory does NOT involve __________.
a. a mental storage system
b. acquiring information
c. complex decision making
d. mental processes
Page: 6
Type: conceptual
Answer: c
4. The mental process of acquiring and retaining information for later retrieval is __________.
a. cognition
b. memory
c. planning
d. forecasting
Page: 6
Type: conceptual
Answer: b
5. Cognition does NOT involve __________.
a. reflexes
b. mental activities
c. perceiving
d. understanding
Page: 6
Type: conceptual
Answer: a
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6. The collection of mental processes and activities used in perceiving, remembering, thinking, and
understanding is __________.
a. operations
b. mentalism
c. cognition
d. computational neuroscience
Page: 6
Type: conceptual
Answer: c
7. People first began wondering about how the mind worked __________.
a. after the cognitive revolution
b. after Aristotle
c. after Descartes
d. before any of these people or events
Page: 7
Type: conceptual
Answer: d
8. Reductionism is __________.
a. the method in which observers are carefully trained to report on inner sensations and experiences
b. the building blocks underlying the structure of the brain
c. the branch of experimental psychology that deals with human participants as they learn verbal materials,
e.g., items or stimuli composed of letters and/or words
d. attempting to understand a complex event by breaking the event down into its components
Page: 7
Type: conceptual
Answer: d
9. Ecological validity means __________.
a. the amount of experimental control the experimenter has over the important manipulations
b. acquiring and retaining information for later retrieval
c. attempting to break down complex events by breaking them down into their components
d. representative of the real world
Page: 7
Type: conceptual
Answer: d
10. If we hear a complaint that experimental psychology research lacks ecological validity, the person is
complaining that __________.
a. the research is not representative of real-world situations
b. the research lacks sufficient precision
c. the research lacks an appropriate comparison group
d. we are attempting to understand complex phenomena by breaking them down
into their components
Page: 7
Type: applied
Answer: a
11. If something is generalizable to real-world situations, it __________.
a. is pragmatic
b. acquires an air of confidence
c. has ecological validity
d. no longer is basic science
Page: 7
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Type: conceptual
Answer: c
12. A person trying to understand complex events by breaking them down into their components is using
__________.
a. fragmentation
b. reductionism
c. a parsing approach
d. distillation
Page: 7
Type: applied
Answer: b
13. Who said, “I think, therefore I am”?
a. Rene Descartes
b. William James
c. Aristotle
d. Immanuel Kant
Page: 7
Type: factual
Answer: a
14. Empirical observations are those that __________.
a. rely on observation, experimentation, or measurement
b. characterize an entire set of research data
c. are conducted in a field setting outside the laboratory
d. compare people of different ages at a given moment in time
Page: 9
Type: conceptual
Answer: a
15. The philosophy that observation is to be the basis for much of science is __________.
a. empiricism
b. rationalism
c. structuralism
d. functionalism
Page: 9
Type: conceptual
Answer: a
16. Which of the following is NOT true?
a. Wundt established the first psychological laboratory.
b. Wundt’s student Titchner advocated the approach known as structuralism.
c. Wundt believed strongly that the proper topic for psychology was “conscious processes and immediate
experience.”
d. Wundt advocated the approach known as functionalism.
Page: 9
Type: factual
Answer: d
17. Who is credited with being the first experimental psychologist?
a. Wilhelm Wundt
b. William James
c. Edward Titchner
d. John Watson
Page: 9
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Type: factual
Answer: a
18. Radical empiricists believe that the mind starts out as a __________.
a. cogito blanco
b. tabula rasa
c. scientia est potestas
d. semper fideles
Page: 9
Type: conceptual
Answer: b
19. Many of the topics of Wundt’s research would fall under what we now label as ________ psychology.
a. clinical
b. counseling
c. industrial/organizational
d. cognitive
Page: 9
Type: conceptual
Answer: d
20. Titchener is most strongly associated with __________.
a. structuralism
b. functionalism
c. the cognitive revolution
d. Gestalt psychology
Page: 10
Type: factual
Answer: a
21. Hermann Ebbinghaus was the first person to systematically study __________.
a. perception
b. attention
c. problem solving
d. memory
Page: 10
Type: factual
Answer: d
22. Edward Titchener believed __________.
a. that nothing worthwhile would come of studying mental processes
b. that mental illness, educational applications, and social psychology were “impure” because they could
not be studied using introspection
c. that the appropriate goal for psychology was the objective assessment of association formation
d. that the functions of consciousness, rather than its structure, were of interest
Page: 10
Type: conceptual
Answer: b
23. Which is true of Ebbinghaus?
a. He was interested in memory.
b. He was interested in perception.
c. He was interested in reasoning.
d. He was interested in studying introspection.
Page: 10
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Type: factual
Answer: a
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24. Most associated with the method of savings is __________.
a. Hermann von Ebbinghaus
b. William James
c. Wilhelm Wundt
d. B.F. Skinner
Page: 10
Type: factual
Answer: a
25. William James believed __________.
a. that nothing worthwhile would come of studying mental processes
b. that mental illness, educational applications, and social psychology were “impure” because they could
not be studied with introspective methods
c. that the appropriate goal for psychology was the objective assessment of association formation
d. that the functions of consciousness, rather than its structure, were of interest
Page: 11
Type: conceptual
Answer: d
26. An approach that asks the questions “What is it for?” and “How does it adapt?” is __________.
a. functionalism
b. structuralism
c. empiricism
d. reductionism
Page: 11
Type: conceptual
Answer: a
27. William James’s research output was __________.
a. high
b. low
c. skewed
d. artificial
Page: 11
Type: factual
Answer: b
28. Behaviorism had its strongest impact __________.
a. on the popular press
b. in clinical treatments
c. in America
d. with education
Page: 12
Type: factual
Answer: c
29. How do some psychologists describe the transition from behaviorism to cognitivism?
a. a revolution
b. a regression
c. a simple relabeling
d. a tragedy
Page: 12
Type: factual
Answer: a
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30. Which is NOT a characteristic of behaviorism?
a. scientific study of behavior
b. focus on observable, quantifiable behavior
c. antimentalist
d. the first major school of thought in experimental psychology
Page: 12
Type: conceptual
Answer: d
31. The behaviorist manifesto is associated with __________.
a. Hull
b. Watson
c. Skinner
d. Tolman
Page: 12
Type: factual
Answer: b
32. __________ believed that observable, quantifiable behavior is the proper topic of psychology, not the fuzzy
and unscientific concepts of thoughts, mind, and consciousness.
a. Wundt
b. Watson
c. Ebbinghaus
d. James
Page: 12
Type: factual
Answer: b
33. Neobehaviorism differs from behaviorism in __________.
a. allowing the scientific study of observable behavior
b. allowing introspective methodologies
c. incorporating psychophysiological measures
d. allowing unobserved mediating variables
Page: 12
Type: conceptual
Answer: d
34. Which was NOT a reason for the rise to dominance of behaviorism?
a. seemingly endless debates within structuralism regarding “appropriate” interpretation
b. physics envy
c. success in modeling learning
d. The tabula rasa position provided a superior account for species-specific behaviors.
Page: 12
Type: conceptual
Answer: d
35. According to behaviorists and neobehaviorists, the ultimate purpose of research on learning was to
understand __________.
a. the building blocks of conscious experience
b. the acquisition of behavior by conditioning
c. performance, rather than learning
d. memory, rather than cognition
Page: 12
Type: conceptual
Answer: b
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36. Which of the following was NOT a challenge to the behaviorist approach?
a. language
b. attention
c. vigilance
d. S–R learning
Page: 13
Type: conceptual
Answer: d
37. Which of the following does NOT challenge a pure behaviorist perspective?
a. demonstrated effects of attention
b. the role of vigilance in a skilled performance task
c. language
d. incorporating Pavlov’s work on classical conditioning
Page: 13
Type: conceptual
Answer: d
38. What was a problem with traditional behaviorism as revealed to experimental psychologists doing work
during World War II?
a. Most of the Army and Navy had to deal with people, not rats.
b. Much longer retention periods of knowledge were involved.
c. It did not address practical concerns, such as vigilance.
d. The principles of behaviorism were all shown to be incorrect.
Page: 13
Type: factual
Answer: c
39. Which of the following was an outgrowth of Ebbinghaus’s work on memory?
a. B.F. Skinner’s behaviorism
b. verbal learning theorists
c. researchers studying operant conditioning
d. Gestalt psychology
Page: 14
Type: factual
Answer: b
40. One of the legacies of verbal learning was that __________.
a. it reinforced the dominant behaviorist ideals about mental activity
b. it provided a way to study mental processes in an objective manner
c. no one could find any theoretical basis for the work
d. an effective counterweight to research on verbal behavior was found
Page: 14
Type: conceptual
Answer: b
41. __________ wrote a review of Skinner’s Verbal Behavior. This review clearly illustrated the shortcomings
of the behaviorist account of language.
a. Descartes
b. James
c. Watson
d. Chomsky
Page: 15
Type: factual
Answer: d
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42. The cognitive manifesto is associated with __________.
a. Thorndike
b. Chomsky
c. Sperling
d. Bartlett
Page: 15
Type: factual
Answer: c
42. The essence of Chomsky’s review of Skinner’s Verbal Behavior book was that __________.
a. Skinner failed to supply an adequate computer model of verbal learning
b. Skinner relied too heavily on animal models
c. Skinner failed to consider the role of attention
d. Skinner’s work was a mere terminological revision, in which terms borrowed from the laboratory were
used in the full vagueness of their ordinary usage
Page: 15
Type: conceptual
Answer: d
43. Which of the following is a common analogy used by cognitive psychologists to describe or characterize
how people think?
a. attention
b. digital computer
c. context
d. structuralist perspective
Page: 19
Type: conceptual
Answer: b
44. Which of the following is a central analogy of cognitive psychology?
e. the flowchart
f. the building blocks underlying the structure of the brain
g. the whole is greater than the sum of the parts: the importance of context.
h. the digital computer
Page: 19
Type: conceptual
Answer: d
45. In response to a difficult question, a person is likely to respond more slowly than if an easy question had
been asked. In terms of the overall response times, the difficult question would yield __________.
a. response times with lower numbers
b. response times with higher numbers
c. response times would not differ
d. not enough information has been provided
Page: 20
Type: applied
Answer: b
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