Presented in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of
Degree of M.Sc in Human Rights and International Politics
University of Glasgow
September/ 2020
1
, Contents Page
1. ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS ................................................................................. 3
2. ABSTRACT ........................................................................................................... 4
3. INTRODUCTION................................................................................................. 5
4. CHAPTER 1.THE CONCEPTUAL AND THEORETICAL FRAMEWORK6
4.1 DEFINING ISLAMOPHOBIA ....................................................................................... 6
4.2 ISLAMOPHOBIA IN THE UK ...................................................................................... 9
4.3 MUSLIM POPULATION IN SCOTLAND ..................................................................... 12
4.4 CRITICAL RACE THEORY ........................................................................................ 13
5. METHODS .......................................................................................................... 16
6. CHAPTER 2: ISLAMOPHOBIA IN SCOTLAND ......................................... 18
6.1 HOW CAN WE UNDERSTAND ISLAMOPHOBIA IN SCOTLAND? .................................. 18
6.2 WHO EXPERIENCES ISLAMOPHOBIA? ...................................................................... 19
6.3 WHAT ARE THE COMMON EXPERIENCES OF ISLAMOPHOBIA IN SCOTLAND? ........... 20
6.4 WHERE ARE PEOPLE MOST LIKELY TO EXPERIENCE ISLAMOPHOBIA? .................... 21
6.5 WHAT ARE THE IMPACTS OF ISLAMOPHOBIA? ....................................................... 24
6.6 ISLAMOPHOBIA WITHIN THE STATE ........................................................................ 27
6.7 ISLAMOPHOBIA AS A REASONABLE REACTION? ..................................................... 28
7. CHAPTER 3: ISLAMOPHIBIA IN SCHOOLS ............................................. 31
7.1 ISLAMOPHOBIA AS A FORM OF CULTURAL RACISM ................................................ 31
7.2 MISRECOGNITION .................................................................................................. 33
7.3 DISTRUST IN TEACHERS ......................................................................................... 35
7.4 TEACHERS’ EXPERIENCE OF ISLAMOPHOBIA IN SCOTTISH SCHOOLS ...................... 37
8. CHAPTER 4: TACKLING ISLAMOPHOBIA IN SCHOOLS ..................... 41
8.1 RECOGNIZING THE SEVERITY OF THE PROBLEM ...................................................... 41
8.2 ISLAMOPHOBIA AS A FORM OF RACISM .................................................................. 42
8.3 AMEND THE PREVENT POLICY ............................................................................... 43
8.4 EDUCATION ........................................................................................................... 44
9. CONCLUDING THOUGHTS ........................................................................... 47
10. BIBLIOGRAPHY .............................................................................................. 49
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,Acknowledgements
Thank you to my supervisor, Dr Timothy Peace, for providing guidance and feedback
throughout this project and responding promptly to my queries and concerns. I would also
like to thank the rest of my classmates on the MSc Human Rights and International Politics
course, for their continuous support, encouragement, and sense of humour during this bizarre
year.
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, Abstract
In this research I have used multiple reports, as well as literature, to create a clearer picture of
Islamophobia in Scotland. Specifically, I have asked about the prevalence of Islamophobia in
Scotland, how it is experienced in Scotland, the experiences of Islamophobia in schools, and
the best way to tackle Islamophobia. I have used Critical Race Theory as a framework
because it understands how societal structures and cultural assumptions contribute to racism,
such as Islamophobia, which I argue is a form a racism. I have used both quantitative and
qualitative data in order to understand Islamophobia at a macro level, as well at an individual
level through the experiences shared by participants in the reports used. The themes from the
report have been discussed throughout and the implications for the wider context is offered.
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