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Book summary “Gazzaniga, M.S. (2018). Psychological Science (6th edition). Norton 'of the 'introduction to psychology' course. $8.62   Add to cart

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Book summary “Gazzaniga, M.S. (2018). Psychological Science (6th edition). Norton 'of the 'introduction to psychology' course.

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Comprehensive book summary “Gazzaniga, M.S. (2018). Psychological Science (6th edition). Norton 'of the 'introduction to psychology' course. Only Chapter 2 and 11 are missing, because they are not part of the literature. The most important concepts are all explained and figures have also been add...

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Summery book introduction to psychology

Chapter 1: the science of psychology (topic 1)

Psychological science = study mental activity and behavior, predict and understand.
 research of mind = mental activity, brain = biological processes and behavior = action

Critical thinking = systematically questioning and evaluating information using well-
supported evidence. Important because everybody and the media can be wrong.

There can be biases  that can be if the opposite is true. That is not a lack of intelligence.
Sometimes we see patterns that doesn’t exist.

Chapter 3: biology and behavior

Nervous system = network of billions of cells in your brain and body  moving, sensing,
choosing  for us? How does the nervous system work?
 nature and nurture work together to affect human behavior

What is the genetic basis of psychology science?
- genes  each human has them from their parents  personally traits
- environment and genes are interacting
- gene expression  process gene is off or on

Cell  chromosome (23)  consist of DNA  DNA has a double helix shape  segments
are genes

Genes
- dominant
- recessive

Phenotype = observable characters
Mutations = error in cell division
Epigenetics = idea that genetic expressing can be changed due experience
Heredity = the transmission of characteristics from parents to offspring by means of genes.

How does the nerves system operate? (topic 2)
- central nerves system (CNS) = brain, spinal cord, and their nerves
- Peripheral nerves system (PNS) = other nerve cells in the rest of the body

Neurons = these cells receive, integrate, and transmit information in the nerves system 
chemical signals to communicate with each other
- sensory neurons
- motor neurons

,Membrane of the neuron  ion channels
myelin  glia cells, faster movement of the electric impulses
node of Ranvier  small gaps in the axon, where an action potential takes place

1. Resting membrane potential = inside is more negative = -70mV  polarization
2. Action potential = neuron fires, there come more positive ions inside the cell (cells are
open)  depolarization, by -50mV action potential is generated
3. Repolarization  channels close
4. resting state returns




- Excitatory signals = depolarization, decrease negative inside the cell  encourage to fire
- inhibitory signals = hyperpolarization, increase negative inside the cell  discourage to fire

All-or-none  when a neuron fires, it fires with the same potency every time. It fires of it
doesn’t fire

Neurotransmitter = chemical substances that transmit signals from one neuron to another
- presynaptic
- postsynaptic

, Reuptake = a neurotransmitter is taken
back into the presynaptic terminal
buttons  stopping the activity of the
neurotransmitter

Enzyme deactivation = An enzyme
destroys the neurotransmitter in the
synapse

Auto reception = neurotransmitters bind
with the receptors on the presynaptic
button, so it stopped releasing the
neurotransmitter

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