Summary
Physical science summary IEB
- Course
- Institution
An in-depth summary of the whole IEB physics syllabus. This includes examples, diagrams, extra notes that will make sure you get the best possible mark.
[Show more]
10 reviews
By: shaykleynhans • 1 year ago
By: petercraw17 • 2 year ago
By: qalouw • 2 year ago
By: taylabooth • 1 year ago
By: robynatherton1 • 2 year ago
By: alexivictoriarosefrick • 2 year ago
By: aaheer64 • 1 year ago
Seller
Follow
RachelJones
Reviews received
Content preview
PHYSICS SUMMARYGR 10-12
IEB
Rachel Jones and Shaida Jooma
,Physics Summary GR 10 – 12 IEB
General things to remember ......................................................................................................... 3
Mechanics ................................................................................................................................... 4
Resultant vectors ............................................................................................................................. 4
Equilibrium forces ............................................................................................................................ 6
Three ways to workout Normal Force ............................................................................................. 7
Drawing free body diagrams ............................................................................................................ 8
Coefficient of static friction.............................................................................................................. 9
Newton’s first law .......................................................................................................................... 10
Newton’s second law ..................................................................................................................... 11
Newton’s third law......................................................................................................................... 17
Explanation questions .................................................................................................................... 18
Momentum and Impulse ............................................................................................................... 19
Conservation of Momentum .......................................................................................................... 22
Work, Energy and Power ............................................................................................................ 24
Conservation of mechanical energy............................................................................................... 24
Work ............................................................................................................................................... 26
Work Energy Theorem ................................................................................................................... 27
Work done by non-conservative forces ......................................................................................... 28
Power ............................................................................................................................................. 29
The Photoelectric Effect .............................................................................................................. 30
Electroscope experiment: .............................................................................................................. 34
More on the photoelectric effect: ................................................................................................. 35
Conditions for the photoelectric effect ......................................................................................... 36
Analysis........................................................................................................................................... 36
Graphs ............................................................................................................................................ 37
Emission Spectrum ......................................................................................................................... 38
How increasing intensity of light affects current in a cell: ............................................................ 39
Electrodynamics ......................................................................................................................... 40
Electromagnet ................................................................................................................................ 41
The Motor Effect ............................................................................................................................ 43
DC Motor: (Direct Current Motor) ................................................................................................. 46
Lenz’s Law:...................................................................................................................................... 50
AC Generator: (Alternating Current Generator) ............................................................................ 51
Transformers .................................................................................................................................. 56
1|P age
R Jones and S Jooma
,Physics Summary GR 10 – 12 IEB
Gravitational Fields ............................................................................................................................ 59
Electric Fields and Electrostatic forces ............................................................................................... 64
Electrical circuits ........................................................................................................................ 71
Explanation questions: electric circuits ......................................................................................... 74
Ohmic Vs non-ohmic resistors ....................................................................................................... 76
Kinematics ................................................................................................................................. 77
Vertical projectile motion ........................................................................................................... 82
Mathematical relationships........................................................................................................ 87
2|P age
R Jones and S Jooma
,Physics Summary GR 10 – 12 IEB
General things to remember
• Always write down the formula.
• In physics mass should be in kilograms, unless otherwise stated.
• Make sure that you are using the proper measurement for the formula.
• Always put direction in your answer for vectors.
• Choose positive (+) and negative (-) directions when necessary.
• Remember to square numbers where there is a square in the formula.
Formulas:
• m = milli = 10-3
• μ= micro = 10-6
• n = nano = 10-9
• p = pico = 10-12
3|P age
R Jones and S Jooma
, Physics Summary GR 10 – 12 IEB
Mechanics
Scalar Quantities Vector Quantities
Distance Displacement
Doesn’t need direction. Mass Velocity Needs direction.
Area Acceleration
Work Force
Power Momentum
Resultant vectors
Example:
• 200 N North, 320 N East, find the resultant force.
Now complete the triangle by moving on of the
200 N lines that you have drawn.
North
320 N
East
I have moved the 200 N line to the left to
200 N compete the triangle, now I can use Pythagoras
North
to find the resultant force’s value.
320 N
East
FR 2 = 2002 + 3202
FR = 377.36 N
TAN = Opposite \ adjacent
TAN = 320/200 = 58
= 377,36 N 58 relative to the horizontal.
4|P age
R Jones and S Jooma
,Physics Summary GR 10 – 12 IEB
How to draw vectors
• Pull = up.
• Push = down.
Example:
• A man pulls a crate at an angle of 30 to the horizontal with a force of 250 N
• Workout the vertical component (fy) and the horizontal component (fx)
60 We can workout the other angle since a vector
Fy
like this will always have be a right-angled
30 triangle.
Fx
• Fy = F sin Do not forget to put direction.
• = 250 sin (60)
• Fy = 216,5 N right
• Fx = F cos.
• = 250 Cos 30
• Fx = 125 N up
Useful Formulae:
F (The horizontal force) = F cos
Fy (The vertical force) = F sin
Fg// (The force parallel to Gravity, AKA
mg(sin)
down the slope) =
Fg⊥ (The normal force on a slope) = mg(cos)
Note: you must know these formulae off by heart.
5|P age
R Jones and S Jooma
, Physics Summary GR 10 – 12 IEB
Equilibrium forces
• All the forces acting on the object is balanced out, therefore there is no resultant force.
• Therefore, we can further conclude that there is no acceleration and there is a constant
velocity.
Forces are in Equilibrium if:
1. FX1 = FX2
2. FY1 + FY2 = Fg
• If there is a mass on the pulley, make sure the mass is in Kilograms and then use the
formula Fg = mg to find the gravitational force.
• From there you can workout whether the forces are in equilibrium or not.
Example:
• Prove that these forces are not in equilibrium.
F = F cos
45 15
• F1 = 10 cos(15) = 9,66 N Right.
• F2 = 7 cos (45) = 4, 95 N Left.
F1 F2.
Fg = 2N
Fy = F sin
• Fy 1 = 10 sin (15) = 2,59 N Up
• Fy2 = 7 sin (45) = 4, 95 N Up
• Fg = 2N down.
Note
Fy1 + Fy2 Fg.
You have to draw in the blue and
green lines on the diagram to make
These forces are not in equilibrium.
a right-angled triangle, which will
help you solve F and Fy.
6|P age
R Jones and S Jooma
,Physics Summary GR 10 – 12 IEB
Three ways to workout Normal Force
1. When the applied force is at an angle (The object is flat on the surface)
2N
50
5 Kg
• Draw a free body diagram like the one on the right that shows FN , FY and Fg.
• Then make a formula using the free body diagram.
• Formula to use : Fn = Fg –Fy. FN Fy
• FN = [5 × 9.8] – [2 sin(50)]
• FN = 47,5 N Up.
Fg
2. Object on a slope
50
• Always use the formula for Fg⊥ (Because Fg⊥ is Normal force on a slope)
• Fg⊥ = mg cos .
• (5 × 9,8) cos (50)
• =31,5 N up.
3. Object is flat and there is no applied force at an angle.
5 Kg
• NF = mg
• = 5×9,8
• = 49 N up
7|P age
R Jones and S Jooma
, Physics Summary GR 10 – 12 IEB
Drawing free body diagrams
• Always write the force’s out in full, don’t abbreviate, unless you use a key.
Examples: Normal force
1. 60N
50
16N 5 Kg Frictional force
- - 50
-----
Gravitational force
2.
Frictional force
Normal force
50
50
Gravitational force
How to know where the angle goes:
• First decide where fg// and fg ⊥ are.
50
• Fg // is always down the slope.
• The angle will always be between fg anf fg ⊥. Fg//
Fg ⊥
• NB: you can only draw fg or its components (fg// and fg⊥) Fg
(Down the slope)
NOT both. The diagram on the right is just to show how
to find where to draw the angle.
Normal force
3.
50N
50
-- ---- -- ----
5 Kg 50 50 Frictional force
- -
Applied force
Gravitational force
8|P age
R Jones and S Jooma
The benefits of buying summaries with Stuvia:
Guaranteed quality through customer reviews
Stuvia customers have reviewed more than 700,000 summaries. This how you know that you are buying the best documents.
Quick and easy check-out
You can quickly pay through credit card or Stuvia-credit for the summaries. There is no membership needed.
Focus on what matters
Your fellow students write the study notes themselves, which is why the documents are always reliable and up-to-date. This ensures you quickly get to the core!
Frequently asked questions
What do I get when I buy this document?
You get a PDF, available immediately after your purchase. The purchased document is accessible anytime, anywhere and indefinitely through your profile.
Satisfaction guarantee: how does it work?
Our satisfaction guarantee ensures that you always find a study document that suits you well. You fill out a form, and our customer service team takes care of the rest.
Who am I buying these notes from?
Stuvia is a marketplace, so you are not buying this document from us, but from seller RachelJones. Stuvia facilitates payment to the seller.
Will I be stuck with a subscription?
No, you only buy these notes for $17.70. You're not tied to anything after your purchase.
Can Stuvia be trusted?
4.6 stars on Google & Trustpilot (+1000 reviews)
83637 documents were sold in the last 30 days
Founded in 2010, the go-to place to buy study notes for 14 years now