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samenvatting constructie
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samenvatting met visuele ondersteuning. afbeeldingen uit de slides van de lessen. gegeven door Thomas V.d.v.
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CONSTRUCTIE samenvatting2020-2021
Semester 1
1
,Inhoud
1. Sleutelwoorden ............................................................................................................................... 6
2. Omschrijving constructie ................................................................................................................ 6
2.1. Materiaal ................................................................................................................................. 6
2.2. Element ................................................................................................................................... 6
2.3. Structuur ................................................................................................................................. 6
3. Krachten .......................................................................................................................................... 7
3.1. Doelstelling ............................................................................................................................. 7
3.2. Wetten van Newton................................................................................................................ 9
3.3. Krachten in constructies ....................................................................................................... 10
3.3.1. Externe krachten of lasten ................................................................................................ 10
3.3.1.1. Gebruikslasten of veranderlijke lasten ......................................................................... 10
3.3.1.2. Dode lasten of eigengewicht ........................................................................................ 10
3.3.2. Interne krachten ............................................................................................................... 10
3.4. krachten in constructie: soorten krachten ........................................................................... 10
3.4.1. puntlast ............................................................................................................................. 10
3.4.2. verdeelde last .................................................................................................................... 10
3.4.3. koppel................................................................................................................................ 10
3.5. Krachten tegenover het element .......................................................................................... 11
3.5.1. Normaalkracht .................................................................................................................. 11
3.5.2. Dwarskracht ...................................................................................................................... 11
3.5.3. Moment/ hefboomkracht ................................................................................................. 11
3.6. Over krachten en spanning ................................................................................................... 11
3.7. Over krachten en vectoren ................................................................................................... 12
3.7.1. Krachten de grootte .......................................................................................................... 12
3.7.2. krachten en richting .......................................................................................................... 12
3.7.3. samenstelling van krachten .............................................................................................. 12
3.7.4. Balk en Kolom (case study) ............................................................................................... 13
3.7.5. Enkele concepten .............................................................................................................. 13
3.7.5.1. Kettinglijn ...................................................................................................................... 13
3.7.5.2. Sport als inspiratie ........................................................................................................ 13
3.8. Verbindingen in constructie .................................................................................................. 14
3.8.1. Krachten ............................................................................................................................ 14
3.8.2. Constructie ........................................................................................................................ 14
3.8.3. Verbindingen ..................................................................................................................... 14
4. Energie & bouw............................................................................................................................. 16
2
, 4. .................................................................................................................................................. 16
4.1. Energie in de bouw bij gebruik ............................................................................................. 16
4.2. In praktijk .............................................................................................................................. 17
4.2.1. EPB-eisen........................................................................................................................... 17
4.2.2. EPB of EPC? ....................................................................................................................... 17
4.2.3. Ventilatie ........................................................................................................................... 18
4.2.4. Eisen voor technische installaties ..................................................................................... 19
4.2.5. Min. Aandeel hernieuwbare energie ................................................................................ 19
4.2.6. Risico voor oververhitting ................................................................................................. 19
4.2.7. Netto-energiebehoefte ..................................................................................................... 19
4.2.8. S-Peil.................................................................................................................................. 19
4.2.9. U-waarde........................................................................................................................... 20
5. Enkele bouwfysische aspecten ..................................................................................................... 20
5.1. Condensatie .......................................................................................................................... 20
5.1.1. Verzadigingsdampdruk ..................................................................................................... 20
5.1.2. Absolute vochtgehalte ...................................................................................................... 20
5.1.3. Relatieve luchtvochtigheid................................................................................................ 20
5.1.4. Treedt op........................................................................................................................... 20
5.1.5. Oorzaken ........................................................................................................................... 20
5.1.6. Mogelijke oplossingen ...................................................................................................... 20
5.1.7. Capillariteit ........................................................................................................................ 21
5.1.7.1. Oplossing ....................................................................................................................... 21
5.2. Akoestiek............................................................................................................................... 21
5.2.1. Hoofdzakelijke aspecten ................................................................................................... 21
5.2.2. Geluidsgolven .................................................................................................................... 21
5.2.3. Geluidsisolatie ................................................................................................................... 21
5.2.4. Aandachtspunten .............................................................................................................. 22
5.3. Brandveiligheid ..................................................................................................................... 22
5.3.1. Ontstaan............................................................................................................................ 22
5.3.2. Brandveiligheidsnormen ................................................................................................... 23
5.4. Funderingen .......................................................................................................................... 24
5.4.1. Draagkrachtige grondlaag ................................................................................................. 24
5.4.2. Funderingen bepalen ........................................................................................................ 24
5.4.3. Soorten funderingen ......................................................................................................... 24
5.4.3.1. Op staal of strook funderingen ..................................................................................... 24
5.4.3.2. Fundering op putten ..................................................................................................... 24
3
, 5.4.3.3. Fundering op palen (hout, beton en staal) ................................................................... 25
5.4.4. Randvoorwaarden............................................................................................................. 25
5.4.4.1. Constructie .................................................................................................................... 25
5.4.4.2. Grond ............................................................................................................................ 25
5.4.4.3. Omgeving ...................................................................................................................... 25
6. Wanden en muren ........................................................................................................................ 26
6.1. onderscheid .......................................................................................................................... 26
6.2. Onderdelen en functies ........................................................................................................ 26
6.3. Detailtekeningen ................................................................................................................... 28
6.4. Wanden in Skelet structuur .................................................................................................. 31
6.4.1. Scheidingswanden ............................................................................................................ 31
7. Openingen ..................................................................................................................................... 31
7.1. Ramen en deuren.................................................................................................................. 31
7.1.1. terminologie ...................................................................................................................... 31
7.1.2. Enkele raam en deur types: .............................................................................................. 32
7.1.3. Detaillering ........................................................................................................................ 33
8. Draagvloeren................................................................................................................................. 34
8.1. Enkele begrippen: ................................................................................................................. 35
8.2. Houten draagvloeren ............................................................................................................ 35
8.2.1. Opbouw:............................................................................................................................ 35
8.2.2. Kenmerken ........................................................................................................................ 35
8.3. Betonen draagvloer .............................................................................................................. 35
8.3.1. Ter plaatse gestorte betonnen draagvloer ....................................................................... 35
8.3.2. Breedplaten....................................................................................................................... 36
8.3.3. Holle welfsles .................................................................................................................... 36
8.3.4. Ribbenvloeren ................................................................................................................... 36
8.3.5. Cassettevloeren ................................................................................................................ 36
8.3.6. Paddenstoelvloeren .......................................................................................................... 36
8.4. Stalen draagvloeren .............................................................................................................. 36
8.5. Gemende draagvloeren ........................................................................................................ 36
8.5.1. Potten en balken ............................................................................................................... 36
8.5.2. Staalplaat- betonvloer....................................................................................................... 37
8.6. Constructie principe .............................................................................................................. 37
9. Dekvloeren .................................................................................................................................... 37
9.1. Herhaling: principe opbouw vloeren .................................................................................... 37
9.2. Dekvloer (chape/estrich) ...................................................................................................... 37
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