Class notes
Notas de clase Nutrición; Lípidos
- Course
- Institution
apuntes de nutrición, sobre los lípidos, su clasificación y sus derivados. Incluye alimentos que los poseen.
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TEMA 5 LÍPIDOSLípidos
• Son sustancias insolubles en agua y solubles en varios disolventes orgánicos como
éter, cloroformo, etc.
• Contienen: Carbono, Hidrógeno y Oxígeno.
• Se pueden sintetizar a partir de los hidratos de carbono
• Un exceso de hidratos de carbono provoca que se transformen en grasas (lípidos)
Funciones;
TÉRMICA
MECÁNICA
ENERGÉTICA
ESTRUCTURAL
TEXTURA Y SABOR A ALIMENTOS
APORTAN
-Ácidos grasos esenciales
-Vitaminas liposolubles
Fuentes; Fuentes externas; origen vegetal (aceites, frutos secos) y origen animal
(huevos, tejidos grasos, leche, carnes…)
LÍPIDOS O GRASAS
1) Colesterol
2) Triglicéridos
- Composición química muy variable
3) Otros lípidos; vitaminas
- Desde el punto de vista de la alimentación;
liposolubles
1) Colesterol
Es un esterol (ciclopentano-perhidro-fenantreno)
Funciones;
o Forma parte de las membranas celulares y lipoproteínas
o Precursor de; ácidos biliares, hormonas esteroideas y vitamina D
• Procede de dos fuentes:
o Colesterol endógeno.
o Colesterol exógeno.
• Los niveles séricos de colesterol dependen:
o De la ingesta alimentaria
o Del tipo de AG que componen las grasas de la dieta.
o La mayoría se transporta en sangre unido a una proteína Lipoproteína
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