Summary Liberalism - A-Level notes on the Political Ideologies and different Thinkers.
11 views 0 purchase
Course
Political Ideologies
Institution
PEARSON (PEARSON)
Early Liberal John Locke - ()
Classical Feminist Liberal Mary Wollstonecraft - (1759-97)
Classical Liberal John Stuart Mill - (1806-73)
Modern Liberal John Rawls - ()
Social Modern Feminist Liberal Betty Friedan - ()
Early Liberal John Locke - (1632-1704)
Classical Feminist Liberal Mary Wollstonecraft - (1759-97)
Classical Liberal John Stuart Mill - (1806-73)
Modern Liberal John Rawls - (1921-2002)
Social Modern Feminist Liberal Betty Friedan - (1921-2006)
Individualism v Constructivism - State, Economy.
Classical liberals:
Liberty derives from limitations placed upon the state, allowing for the individual to be limited by
themselves and the laws of nature. Locke. a social theory favouring freedom of action for individuals
over collective or state control.
Modern liberals:
Rawls and Friedan aim to create new rights via an enabling state. It says that people construct their own
understanding and knowledge of the world, through experiencing things and reflecting on those
experiences.
Freedom - State, Society
Classical liberals - Negative liberty consists of the absence of obstacles, barriers or constraints. We
therefore possess negative liberty to the extent that actions are available to us. Locke.
Modern liberals - At a basic level, positive liberty consists of the right to do something. As such, it entails
the freedom to perform an action of some kind. Friedan and Rawls
The role of the State State, Society, Human Nature
Classical liberals - According to Mill, the laissez-faire economic system is consistent with liberal notions of
free exchange of labour and the importance of consumer choice. Equally, Mill warned that when
everyone expects the state to do things for them they naturally hold the state responsible for every
misfortune that befalls them. Social contract - By entering a social contract with the state, the individual
is seeking to protect their liberty from the actions of those that pose a threat to it. Far from representing
a loss of liberty, offering consent to the state strengthens the liberty of the individual.
Modern liberals - In short, it is the government’s responsibility to ensure that everyone can experience
the maximisation of liberty. This can be maintained by Rawls's veil of ignorance. Behind this veil, you
know nothing of yourself and your natural abilities, or your position in society. ... Behind such a veil of
ignorance all individuals are simply specified as rational, free, and morally equal beings. Government
ensures, with the social contract, that everyone enjoys the maximum liberty possible without intruding
upon the freedom of others and that if there are any social or economic differences in the social
contract, they should help those who are the worst off. And, any advantages in the contract should be
available to everyone.
Social justice and equality Economy, State and Society.
Classical liberals - Nightwatchman state - Under the nightwatchman state, all of man is born equal. They
The benefits of buying summaries with Stuvia:
Guaranteed quality through customer reviews
Stuvia customers have reviewed more than 700,000 summaries. This how you know that you are buying the best documents.
Quick and easy check-out
You can quickly pay through credit card or Stuvia-credit for the summaries. There is no membership needed.
Focus on what matters
Your fellow students write the study notes themselves, which is why the documents are always reliable and up-to-date. This ensures you quickly get to the core!
Frequently asked questions
What do I get when I buy this document?
You get a PDF, available immediately after your purchase. The purchased document is accessible anytime, anywhere and indefinitely through your profile.
Satisfaction guarantee: how does it work?
Our satisfaction guarantee ensures that you always find a study document that suits you well. You fill out a form, and our customer service team takes care of the rest.
Who am I buying these notes from?
Stuvia is a marketplace, so you are not buying this document from us, but from seller harbirnagpal. Stuvia facilitates payment to the seller.
Will I be stuck with a subscription?
No, you only buy these notes for $3.99. You're not tied to anything after your purchase.
