Mid Term Examination Summer-2021
Name of Reg. No.
Student
Subject: Introductionto International Program: UM
Relations
Facilitator: Paras Khurram Time: 2 hours
# of 56 Max. Marks: 25
Students:
Date: 4 August 2021 EDP / Section DSC 140
Code
INSTRUCTIONS:
Attempt all questions.
Irrelevant answers will not be marked.
Q.No. 1 Estimated Time To Complete Question (20 Minutes ) Max Marks 10
Explain the core principle of International Relations and its level of analysis.
Answer :
The field of IR reflects the world’s complexity.
IR is centered on a single issue:
How can a group such as two or more countries serve their collective interests when doing so
requires its members to sacrifice their own personal interests?
Every country, for example, has an interest in halting global warming, a goal that can only be
realized by several countries working together. Each country, though, has its own distinct
culture. Each country, on the other hand, has a strong interest in using fossil fuels to keep its
economy strong.
Individual countries can advance their own short-term interests by forcibly capturing territory,
defying trade agreements, and refusing to contribute to international efforts like peacekeeping or
vaccination campaigns. However, if all nations operated in this manner, they would find
themselves in a turbulent and vicious environment, where mutual benefits from cooperation on
security and commercial concerns would disappear. Similarly, all members of a military alliance
, gain from the partnership's power, yet each member has a vested interest in minimizing its own
troop and financial contributions.
Q.No. 2 Estimated Time To Complete Question (10 Minutes ) Max Marks 10
How was the modern state system established? Discuss the role of state and non-state actors in
International Relations.
Answer :
European conquest and colonialism are seen to have introduced in the modern state between the
15th and 18th centuries. Bureaucracy, legitimacy, territory, and sovereignty are the four
distinguishing characteristics of the contemporary state ideal (external and internal). This is how
states supply their population with services such as security, a judicial system, and infrastructure
(Drogus & Orvis, 2014). "Failed states" or "weak states" are state-like entities that are unable to
force and control their citizens (Clark & Golder, 2012). In addition, once a state becomes weak,
it loses effective sovereignty over a portion of its land. German political sociologist and
economic historian Max Weber (1864–1920) coined the most definitive definition of state. He
argues that "the state is a human group that successfully claims the exclusive right to legitimately
use physical force inside a specific region." Ultimately, he asserted, "the modern state can only
be characterized in terms of its unique means, which are the use of physical force" (Weber,
1958). A well-defined region is the exclusive domain of the contemporary state, according to
Weber.
Monopoly on force–
A state that holds a monopoly on force has the right and power to employ violence against
members of society or against other states in legally defined circumstances.
Legitimacy/authority–
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