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Summary English II Unit IV.docx English Racism in the Criminal Justice System Columbia Southern University English II Literature Review Although many people would argue that false confession is the leading cause of miscarriage of justice, racism is the ma$7.49
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Summary English II Unit IV.docx English Racism in the Criminal Justice System Columbia Southern University English II Literature Review Although many people would argue that false confession is the leading cause of miscarriage of justice, racism is the ma
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English II Unit IV.docx English Racism in the Criminal Justice System Columbia Southern University English II Literature Review Although many people would argue that false confession is the leading cause of miscarriage of justice, racism is the main driver of the broken system. Racism refer...
english ii unit ivdocx english racism in the criminal justice system columbia southern university english ii literature review although many people would argue that false confession is the le
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English
Racism in the Criminal Justice System
Columbia Southern
University English II
Literature Review
Although many people would argue that false confession is the leading cause of
miscarriage of justice, racism is the main driver of the broken system. Racism refers to any form
of discrimination directed to individuals of different races with the belief that those races are
inferior. For instance, in Oakland, traffic and routine law enforcement officers are more likely to
stop African Americans, search, handcuff, and arrest them compared to other American
citizens (Hetey & Eberhardt, 2018). The notion that black people are problematic and have a
high tolerance for pain since most of them live in criminogenic conditions like slums has been
the scapegoat used by law enforcement officers to associate blacks with a crime. While white
jurors impose severe punishments on blacks and minority groups than whites (Hetey &
Eberhardt, 2018). Therefore, racial policing and racial jury selection are the catalyst to the
broken legal system that can be addressed by unthinking prejudices and racism.
New Jim Crow laws
Jim Crow made laws that enhanced white’s superiority at the expense of non-whites. All
non-whites would be singled out and punished for simple acts more compared to
whites[ CITATION Wil19 \l 1033 ]. For instance, Jim Crows segregation Statues were against
blacks making eye contact with whites, speaking with whites, or even failing to excuse whites on
the streets[ CITATION Wil19 \l 1033 ]. After the black code, Jim Crow's racial segregation laws
enhanced the criminalization of African Americans and other minority groups to date. Even
though whites and non-whites integrate today, racism is still a hindrance to equality and
, inclusion. In essence, America laws today were made by more whites with the target of
protecting whites more as opposed to other groups (Jee-Lyn García & Sharif, 2015). Thus, more
room for racism and discrimination in the legal systems which are dominated by whites.
Ethnic policing and racial jury section indicate that Jim Crow laws are still alive and
highly practiced. For example, when unarmed African American Erick Garner was strangled to
death by a white police officer in Staten, New York. The legal system did not react to grant
justice to the victims’ families. The suspect was not charged or even taken for trial for the crime.
Paving way for more racialized police misconduct (Jee-Lyn García & Sharif, 2015). Thus, the
broken legal system works against democracy since democratic societies demand the law
enforcement officers to protect equality, inclusion, and liberty of all citizens irrespective of their
skin colors[ CITATION Reb15 \l 1033 ].
Racial and Ethnic Profiling
Racial profiling refers to crime detection and prevention techniques employed by law
enforcement officers using race, religion, ethnic, and homeland identities to single out and
investigate possible suspects (Lever, 2015). Police officers ignore the perpetrator's behaviors
such as possession of illegal weapons and focus on skin color where blackness is related to crime
and whiteness associated with innocence. In this case, stop and check crime prevention methods
with the use of excessive force and rudeness is applied to minority ethnic groups more than
whites (Lever, 2015). Ruteere (2015) adds that racial profiling is evident in immigration where
States refuse or limit the issuance of identification documents to some minority groups to limit
their travel and access to state benefits. Notably, law enforcement officers work with
generalization based on past evidence which has been successful in areas like an interrogation.
However, generalization reinforces the use of predictive profiles and speculations which
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