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PLANTATION OF SANDALWOOD
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IT IS ABOUT PLANTATION OF SANDALWOOD
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1 Sandal wood (Santalum)1.1 INTRODUCTION
Sandalwood is the fragrant heartwood coming from the species of
genus Santalum, of family Santalaceae. The most notable members of
this group are Santalum album (Indian Sandalwood) & Santalum
spicatum (Australian Sandalwood). The woods are heavy, yellow, and
fine-grained, and, unlike many other aromatic woods, retain their
fragrance for decades. Sandalwood oil is extracted from the woods for
use. Sandalwood is often cited as one of the most expensive woods in
the world. Both the wood and the oil produce a distinctive fragrance
that has been highly valued for centuries. Consequently, some species
of these slow-growing trees have suffered over-harvesting in the past.
Sandalwood is one of tree species are the most widely accepted fragrant
trees around the world. The aromatic wood retains its fragrance for
decades and the wood is heavy and yellow in colour. There are many
sandalwood species spread across the world. Examples are:-
Species and varietes Geographical occurrence
S.album L australia,Indonesia, india
S.austrocaledonicum Viell new Caledonia,vanuatu
S.boninense Bonin Islands
S.lanceolatum Australia
S.macgregorii Papua New Guinea
S. Obtusifolium Australia
S.yasi. Fiji, Tonga
S.freycinetianum Hawaii Islands (O’ahu.Moloka’l)
S.haleakale. Hawaiian Islands (Maul)
S.ellipticum Hawaiian Island
S.paniculatum Hawaii Islands
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,S. fernaandezianum Jaun Fernandez Island
S.insulare Society Islands (Tahiti)
S.acuminatum Australia
S.murrayanum Australia
S.spicatum Australia
The most common sandalwood varieties that are commercially grown
are:
Indian Sandalwood.
Australian Sandalwood.
Sandal wood It is native to Australia and India, while the oil and wood
of Indian sandalwood which is often referred as East India
1.1.1 Sandalwood in Indian Languages
Gujarati –ચંદન (Candana),
Malayalam – ചന്ദനം (candanaṁ),
Telugu – గం ధపు (Gandhapu),
Kannada –ಶ್ರ ೀ ಗಂಧದಮರ (Śrīgandhadamara),
Tamil – சந்தன (Cantaṉa),
Hindi – चंदन (Chandan),
Bangle – চন্দন (Candana),
Marathi – चंदन (Candana),
Punjabi – ਡਰਾ ਮੇਸਟਿ ਕ (ḍarāmēsaṭika)
Sandalwood is highly valued in the world market. The highly valued
aromatic oil, which is in yellow colour is extracted from both tree wood
and roots. The sandalwood odour persists in articles made of
sandalwood for decades.
It is an evergreen tree with slow growth rate reaching a height of about
10 to 15 m with girth size up to 1 to 2.5 m. It takes nearly 30 years for
the tree to reach economic activity. The leaves are leathery and in pairs
on either side of the stem. Matured leaves are bluish to greenish yellow
in colour while young leaves are green in colour. The bark of young
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, trees is reddish brown and smooth while maturing trees have rough,
dark brown colour with deep vertical cracks. The inward part of the
bark remains reddish in colour. The tree is a hemi-parasitic on other
tree
species roots. The tree roots spread wide and forms ‘root grafting’ with
nearby tree roots. By attaching its roots with nearby tree roots, it obtains
water and nutrients for its growth. The flowering of the tree depends on
the altitude, flowering starts a month early on trees growing at lower
altitudes compared to trees at higher altitudes. The young flowers are
yellow and changes to deep purplish brown on maturation. It takes a
month from bud stage initiation to anthesis and three months for fruit
ripening from the initial stage.
Sandalwood trees can be divided into three groups;
1. trees that flower once in a year during September to December,
2. trees that flower twice in a year during March to May and
September to December,
3. there are trees that do not flower even after 15 years.
The sandalwood tree grows well on various sets of environmental and
climatic conditions such as altitude, rainfall, soil, and etc.
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