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Summary Grade 10-12 NSC Afrikaans First Additional Language Taal Notas
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A summary of all the necessary language rules and components necessary for first additional language Afrikaans Grade 10 - 12.
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Afrikaans FAL Study guide
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TyeSinsoorte:
Stelsin: A statement ending in a full stop.
Vraagsin: A question beginning with a verb/question word and ending with a question mark.
Bevelsin: A command with no subject and ends with either an exclamation mark or full stop.
Uitroepsin: An exclamation with an exclamation mark and exclamatory phrase.
Teenwoordige Tyd:
Present tense
Verlede Tyd:
Past tense
1. 'Is' as ww1:
Was …
Eg: Dit is baie warm buite.
2. Dit was baie warm buite.
The verb 'is' in the present tense does not change in the past tense if it is describing a continuous action.
Eg: Sy is in 2001 in Kaapstad gebore.
3. Normal verbs:
Het … geww1
Eg: Die gesin praat met mekaar.
Die gesin het met mekaar gepraat.
Het in the present tense:
Het … gehad
Eg: Laura se ouers het 'n strandhuis.
Laura se ouers het 'n strandhuis gehad.
ww1 with a prefix:
Be- Ge- Er- Her- Ont- Ver- Mis-
Het … ww1 with prefix
Eg: Die leerders vertrek met vakansie.
Die leerders het met vakansies vertrek.
'Herkou' and 'Herberg' get a 'ge-' in the past tense.
Helping verb as Ww1:
Present Tense Sal Kan Moet Wil
Past Tense Sou Kon Moes Wou
Hulpwerkwoord … ww2
Eg: Hulle sal met vakansie gaan.
Hulle sou vakansie gaan.
, Two main verbs joined by 'en':
If the two verbs can be done together:
Het … geww1 en ww1
If the two verbs cannot be done together:
Het … geww1 en geww2
Eg: Peter sit en eet sy ontbyt.
Peter het sy ontbyt gesit en eet.
Ww1 and ww2 in the present tense:
The verbs are moved to the end of the sentence in the same order that they were in, in the present
tense:
Het … ww1 ww2
Eg: Ek hoor die hond blaf.
Ek het die hond hoor blaf.
Verbs with prepositions:
The preposition becomes the first part of ww2:
Het … preposition-ge-ww1
Eg: Sy skakel die lig aan.
Sy het die lig aangeskakel.
aantrek afhaal deelneem goedkeur weggooi saamgaan
stilstaan uitnooi liefhe grootword aftree Uittrek
Dan, As, Wanneer, Nou (DAWN):
These words change to 'toe' in the sentence in past tense:
Wanneer, dan, as, nou become 'toe'. The rest of the sentence changes to past tense as per the other
rules.
Eg: Wanneer Megan hokkie speel, slaan sy die bal baie hard.
Toe Megan hokkie gespeel het, het sy die bal baie hard geslaan.
'Hoef … te' and 'behoort … te' as the verb:
Behoort … te ge-ww1 het
Hoef nie … te ge-ww1 het nie - 'hoef … te' is always in the past tense
Eg: Jy behoort jou huiswerk te doen.
Jy behoort jou huiswerk te gedoen het.
The infinitive part of the sentence does not change in the past tense. Ww2 always goes before the
infinitive.
When changing the verb to 'hoef nie… te…nie' or to 'behoort… te':
Eg: Benjamin moet balke saag om van sy nuk ontslae te raak.
Benjamin behoort balke te saag om van sy nuk ontslae te raak.
Replace the verb with 'behoort/hoef nie…nie' and add a 'te' before every other verb.
, Toekomende Tyd:
Future tense
Ww1 is 'het' in the present tense:
Sal … he
Eg: Ek het 'n goeie punt vir Afrikaans.
Ek sal 'n goeie punt vir Afrikaans he.
Normal verb in the present tense:
Sal … ww1
Eg: Die Titanic tref die ysberg.
Die Titanic sal die ysberg tref.
Ww1 is 'is':
Sal … wees
Eg: Ek is die kaptein van my span.
Ek sal die kaptein van my span wees.
Helping verbs in the present tense:
Sal … helping verb ww1
Eg: Die leerders kan goeie opstelle skryf.
Die leerders sal goeie opstelle kan skryf.
When two main verbs are joined by 'en':
Sal … ww1 en ww2
Eg: Die juffrou staan en praat in die klas.
Die juffrou sal in die klas staan en praat.
Two main verbs:
The verbs go at the end of the sentence in the order in which they appeared in the present tense
senence:
Sal … ww1 ww2
Eg: Sy laat haar hare groei.
Sy sal haar hare laat groei.
Ww1 with a preposition:
The preposition goes first, followed by ww1:
Sal … preposition-ww1
Eg: Sy gee al haar ou klere weg.
Sy sal al haar ou klere weggee.
The preposition 'het' becomes 'he' in the future tense.
Eg: Marie het haar hondjie baie lief.
Marie sal haar hondjie baie liefhe.
Woordsoorte
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